Elazig ( tour. Elâzığ ) is a city and district in eastern Turkey in Eastern Anatolia , the capital of the same name silt .
City | |
Elazig | |
---|---|
Elazığ | |
A country | Turkey |
Mayor | Muchahit Yanylmaz |
History and geography | |
Former names | Kharberd ( Armenian Խարբերդ ) |
Square | |
Center height | 1067 m |
Timezone | and |
Population | |
Population | 312,584 people ( 2008 ) |
Digital identifiers | |
Telephone code | +90 424 |
Postcode | 23,000 |
Content
Etymology
The city was founded at the present place in 1834 under the name Mamuret-ul-Aziz ( tour. Mamuretü'l-Aziz ), which, due to the difficult pronunciation, was simplified among the people to El-Aziz ( tour. El Aziz ), and in the XX century acquired the modern name. It is a continuation on the plain of the ancient city of Harput ( tour. Harput , Kurd . Harpet , yu-zaz . Harpet ), which is located in the mountains and has difficulties with water supply.
The ancient city was founded by Armenians and historically had many different versions of the names. The Armenian and Byzantine authors: Kharberd, Karberd ( Armenian. Քարբերդ , Armenian. Բարբեր Кар ), Carput ( Armenian. Քարփութ ), Carpote, is derived from the Armenian “stone fortress”. The Arabs: Hysyn-Ziad (Ziyad fortress), the Turks - Harput ( tour. Harput [1] . Harput is still partially inhabited, there are several thousand people left, but because of the high location of the terrain and difficulties with water, most Elazig. At the end of the 19th century, most of the city’s inhabitants were Armenians, but in 1895-1896 a massacre was organized here, during which several thousand Armenians were killed and about 1 thousand more were forcibly converted to Islam. there was still a significant Armenian population in Harput (ok Approximately 6,000 of 15,000, or 40% of the population), of which more than 4,000 were killed in 1915, 1,000 converted to Islam, about 1,000 more survived, moving to the outskirts of Beirut , where they later emigrated to the West.
History
Founded in the II. BC er As an Armenian city originally called Horberd ( Armenian Հորբերդ ), the name later transformed into Kharberd ( Armenian Խարբերդ ). In different eras it is mentioned as a fortress in the Andzit region of the Armenian kingdom of Sophen , which from the 1st century BC n er It becomes one of the provinces of the Armenian kingdoms Yervidin , Artashesid and Arshakids . In the Middle Ages, the Armenian population was engaged in craft , trade and agriculture . By the beginning of the XIX century. about 3,000 people lived in the city - Armenians and Turks . By the 1830-1850 biennium. the population reached 25 thousand, of which 15400 are Armenians, 7240 are Turks, and the rest are Kurds and Assyrians . In 1880 Barikyan brothers founded a mechanical plant in Kharberd, which produced water-pressure pumps, agricultural and household appliances. In 1881, the brothers Grigor and Sargis Kürkčyan founded a factory for the production of silk and canvases . Someone Penyan founded eight wadding factories, the city along with silk products also produced cotton products, carpets and canvases. The demand for these products was not only in Western Armenia , but also in Europe and the USA . For example in New York in 1908. There was a Kharberd carpet shop. However, in 1895 the Turks destroyed the factories, the Hamidian massacre began, and the Armenian neighborhoods of the city flared up, 2 Armenian churches and several schools were destroyed. The pogrom led to numerous victims among the Armenian population, besides more than 1000 people were forcibly Islamized. By the beginning of the 20th century, 12,200 already lived in the city, of which 6,080 are Armenians and 6,120 are Turks. On July 26, 1915, a wave of mass killings, known as the Great Armenian Genocide , reached Kharberd. By early 1916 the city was more like a morgue. According to unofficial data, in the 1960s, about 1,000 Armenians still lived in the city that had already been renamed Elazig, mostly orphans.
At the beginning of the 20th century, there were 67 active Armenian churches in the city and its district, but all of them were destroyed by the Turkish authorities.
Notes
- ↑ Akopyan T. Kh. Cities of historical Armenia = Պատմական Հայաստանի քաղաքները. - Yer. : Hayastan, 1987. - T. 1. - p. 132-1133. - 256 s. - 20 000 copies
Literature
- Elazig // Elokventia - Yaya. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1957. - P. 11. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 t.] / Ed. B.A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, t. 49).
Links
- elazig.gov.tr (tour.) - Elazig official website