Pallars (county)

The territory on which the county was located was the easternmost part of the lands inhabited by the Basques , in addition, Visigoths and Spanish-Romans lived on it. The early history of Pallars is closely related to the history of the neighboring county of Ribagors . After the fall of the Visigoth kingdom, it was captured by the Moors, from whom it, together with Ribagorsa, was conquered by Guillaume Zhelonsky by 781 , forming from them a separate county included in the Spanish mark subordinate to the counts of Toulouse .

After the conquest of the lands from the Moors, the Christian population began to move in them. Located far enough from the centers of power of the Carolingian state, the counts of Toulouse enjoyed sufficient independence. They granted the monasteries great privileges, similar to those provided by the Carolingian court. This contributed to the founding of new monasteries and revived monasticism. At the same time, Emperor Charlemagne spiritually subordinated Pallars and Ribagors to the bishops of Urhel .

After the allocation of the Aquitaine kingdom to Pepin I in 817 , the son of the emperor Louis, Paliars and Ribagors in the Toulouse county were included in it. To control Pallars and Ribagorsa, the counts appointed Viscounts. But gradually they began to lose power over these lands.

After Guillaume Zhelonsky retired to the monastery in 806 , Palyars and Ribagorsa were successively under the jurisdiction of the Margraves of Toulouse Bégo (in 806–816) and Berenguer the Wise (in 816–833). In 833, Galindo I Asnares , Count of Urhel and Cerdani, captured the counties of Pallars and Ribagorsa, and entered into an alliance with the head of the Muslim family Banu Kasi Musa II ibn Musa . The capture of the counties brought Galindo into conflict with Count Bernard Septimansky , who succeeded Berenguer in Toulouse, and the alliance with the Muslims displeased Louis the Pious. As a result, in 834, the emperor announced that he was robbing Galindo of all his possessions, transferring them to Sunifred I. In 835, Sunifred expelled Galindo from Cerdani, and in 838 from Urhel. In the power of Galindo Asnares, only Paliars and Ribagorsa remained, but even in 844 ^{[2] they} were conquered by the Count of Toulouse Frelédon and again annexed to Toulouse.

Finally, Pallars and Ribagorsa gained independence after the murder in 872 of Count Toulouse Bernard II . After that, in a number of areas of Toulouse county, local feudal lords seized power. One of them, Ramon I ^[3] , who is supposed to have ruled Pallars and Ribagorsa on behalf of the Count of Toulouse in the early 870s, became the Count of Pallars and Ribagorsa after the death of his overlord. No details about how this happened were preserved in modern Ramon documents. Folk legends say that he was called by the locals to become their count in order to protect these lands from Muslim attacks.

The exact origin of Count Ramon I has not been established. In contemporary documents, he is referred to as the son of a certain Count Lup, who most historians consider identical with Count Bigorra Lup I Donat , a representative of the Bigorr dynasty ^[4] . Perhaps Ramon was the youngest son of Lup, and his lack of hope for part of his paternal inheritance forced him to leave the county of Bigorr and seek possession in the neighboring lands that belonged to the counts of Toulouse , of which he was probably a relative of his mother.

Having gained power, Ramon I immediately broke all vassal relations with the counts of Toulouse and their overlords, kings of the West Frankish state . To counter the attempts of the rulers of Toulouse to regain Pallars and Ribagorsa, Ramon I concluded an alliance agreement with Muslims from the Banu Kasi family, who owned vast lands south of his possessions. Also, the Count of Pallars and Ribagorsa made an alliance with King Pamplona ( Navarre ) Garcia II Jimenez , marrying his sister Dadildis. In addition, he supported the schism that was caused in the dioceses of the Spanish brand by the actions of the noncanonical bishop Urhel Esclua , who wanted to rid the Catalan dioceses of the influence of the pro-Frankish metropolis with a center in Narbonne . At the request of Ramon, in 888, Esclua restored the Pallars bishopric , which ceased to exist after the Arab conquest of the Iberian Peninsula at the beginning of the VIII century, having allocated land from the Urchel diocese for this. Later, he was also able to capture part of the Sobrarbe region.

After the death of Ramon in 920, there was a political separation of Pallars and Ribagorsa, since his possessions were divided between his sons. Pallars went to Isarn I and Lope I , whose descendants ruled in Pallars. Due to the lack of coverage in the sources of the history of the county of Pallars of the middle X - beginning of XI centuries, historians still have not established the exact chronology of the continuity of local counts of this time. In some periods, 2-3 counts controlled the county at the same time, but it is impossible to establish a division of powers between them. But in the end, around 1010, the only Earl was Sunniere I , who deprived his nephew Ermengol of the count title.

After the death of Count Sunniere I in 1010/1011, the county of Pallars was divided into 2 parts between his sons. Ramon III received the western part of the county, called Lower Palyars , and Guillaume II - the eastern, called Upper Palyars .

As part of the county of Toulouse (790–833)

• 790 - 806 : Guillaume of Zhelonsky (d. 812), Margrave of Toulouse and Marquis of Septimania
• 806 - 816 : Bego (d. 816), Count of Paris , Margrave of Toulouse and Marquis of Septimania
• 816 - 833 : Berenguer I the Wise (d. 835), Marquis of Septimania from 832

Independent County of Pallars and Ribagorsa

• 833-844 / 848 : Galindo I Aznares (d. 867), Count of Urhel 832-834, Cerdani 832-832, Palyarsa and Ribagorsa 833-844, Aragon from 844

As part of the county of Toulouse (844 / 848-872)

• 844/848 - 851 : Fredelon (d. 851), Count of Ruerg with after 837, Count of Toulouse with 844/849, Count of Carcassonne with 850
• 852 - 865 : Raimund I (d. 865), Count of Limoges with 841, Count of Kersey and Count of Ruerg with 849, Count of Toulouse and Carcassonne with 852, Marquis of Toulouse with 855, brother of the previous
• 865 - 872 : Bernard II Calf (d. 872), Count of Toulouse, Ruerg, Limoges s 865, Nimes, Carcassonne, Razes and Albi s 872, son of the previous

Self county

• 872 - 920 : Ramon I (II) (d. 920), Count of Paliars and Ribagorsa from 872
• 920 - 948 : Isarn I (d. 948 or after September 13, 953), count of Pallars 920-948
• 920 - 948 : Lope I (d. 948), Count Co-Co-Paliars 920-948
• 948 - 950 : Guillaume I (d. C. 950), possibly Count Pallars from 948
• 948/950 - 995/1007 : Ramon II (III) (d. Approx. 995 or after November 7, 1007), Count of Pallars from 948/950
• 948/950 - until 994 : Borrel I (d. To 994), Count of Pallars from 948/950
• 948/950 - 1010/1011: Sauniere I (d. 1010/1011), Count of Pagliars with 948/950, count-co-ruler of Ribagorsa with 1006/1008
• 995/1007 - 1010 : Ermengol (d. After 1030), Count of Pallars 995 / 1007-1010

• Spanish brand
• County Toulouse
• County of Ribagors
• County Upper Palyars
• County Lower Palyars

• Lewis, Archibald R. The development of southern french and catalan society, 718-1050 . - Austin: University of Texas edition, 1965.

• CONDES de PALLARS . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy . Date of treatment December 31, 2009. Archived April 14, 2012.
• Catalan counties (neopr.) . Reconquista . Date of treatment December 31, 2009. Archived March 25, 2012.
• County of Pallars . l'Enciclopédia. Date of treatment December 31, 2009. Archived April 12, 2012.