Earthen fleas [1] [2] , or flea plots [1] ( lat. Alticini ) - a tribe of beetles from the family of gables (Galerucinae). It can also be considered as a subfamily (Alticinae, Halticinae). The oldest representatives of the Alticini tribe were found in Baltic and Rovno amber ( Eocene ) [3] .
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 Altica lythri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Alticini Spinola , 1844 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Description
They have jumping hind legs with thickened thighs [4] . They have dotted antennae. Body sizes from 1 to 5 mm. Science knows about 5,000 species. Cosmopolitan area. There are about 400 species in the CIS. Earthen fleas are herbivorous. Development occurs in two or in three phases. In the colder parts of the range, some species overwinter under plant residues or in the soil, for which they received their name. Earthen fleas lay their eggs mainly in the soil either in the plant or on it. The larvae grow there too. In agriculture, earthen fleas are one of the main pests .
Systematics
- Acrocrypta Baly, 1862
- Agasicles Jacoby 1904
- Agasicles hygrophila Selman & Vogt, 1971
- Afroaltica
- Afrorestia
- Alocypha
- Altica Geoffroy, 1762 Earthen fleas
- Amphimela Chapuis, 1875
- Angulaphthona
- Anthobiodes Weise, 1887
- Aphthona Chevrolat 1842 Linseed flea
- Apteropeda Chevrolat, 1836
- Argopistes Motschulsky, 1860
- Argopus Fischer von Waldheim, 1824
- Arrhenocoela Foudras, 1859
- Asiorestia Jakobson, 1926
- Arsipoda Erichson, 1842
- Asiophrida Medvedev, 1999
- Batophila Foudras, 1859
- Bellaltica Reid, 1988
- Chabria Jacoby, 1887
- Chaetocnema Stephens, 1831
- Clavicornaltica Scherer, 1974
- † Crepidodera
- Crepidodera Chevrolat, 1837
- Derocrepis Weise, 1886
- Diamphidia Gerstaecker, 1855
- Dibolia Latreille, 1821
- Dimonikaea Bechyné, 1968
- Diphaulacosoma Jacoby, 1892
- Disonycha Chevrolat, 1837
- Djallonia Bechyné, 1955
- Docema Waterhouse, 1877
- Drakensbergianella Biondi & D'Alessandro, 2003
- Dunbrodya Jacoby, 1906
- Epitrix Foudras, 1859
- Eriotica Harold, 1877
- Eurylegna Weise, 1910
- Eutornus Clark, 1860
- Gabonia Jacoby, 1893
- Goweria Lea, 1926
- Guilielmia Weise, 1924
- Guinerestia
- Halticorcus leaa 1917
- Halticotropis
- Hemipyxis
- Hermaeophaga Foudras, 1860
- Hespera
- Hildebrandtina
- Hippuriphila Foudras, 1859
- Homichloda Weise, 1902
- Hyphalticoda Oke, 1932
- Hyphasis
- Jacobyana
- Kanonga
- Kenialtica
- Kimongona
- Lactica Erichson, 1847
- Lampedona
- Lepialtica
- Licyllus Jacoby, 1885
- Longitarsus Latreille, 1825
- Luperomorpha Weise, 1887
- Lypnea
- Lythraria Bedel, 1897
- Malvernia
- Manobia Jacoby, 1885
- † manobiomorpha
- Mantura Stephens, 1831
- Metroserrapha
- Minota Kutschera, 1859
- Mniophila Stephens, 1831
- Mniophilosoma Wollaston, 1854
- Montiaphthona
- Myrcina
- Neoblepharella Özdikmen, 2008
- Neocrepidodera Heikertinger, 1911
- Neodera Duvivier, 1891
- Nisotra Baly, 1864
- Nonarthra Baly, 1862
- Notomela
- Novascuta Özdikmen, 2008
- Nzerekorena
- Ochrosis Foudras, 1859
- Oedionychus
- Opisthopygme Blackburn, 1896
- Orestia Germar, 1845
- Orthocrepis
- Paradibolia Baly, 1875
- Pedethma Weise, 1923
- Pepila Weise, 1923
- Perichilona
- Philopona Weise, 1903
- Phygasia
- Phyllotreta Stephens, 1836
- Physodactyla
- Physoma
- Physomandroya
- Physonychis
- Platycepha Baly, 1878
- Pleuraltica Sharp, 1886
- Podagrica Foudras, 1859
- Polyclada
- Pratima
- Pseudadorium
- Pseudophygasia
- Psylliodes Latreille, 1825
- † Psyllototus
- Pydaristes
- Sanckia
- Sangariola Jacobson, 1922
- Serraphula
- Sesquiphaera
- Seychellaltica
- Sittacella Weise, 1923
- Sjostedtinia
- Sphaeroderma Stephens, 1831
- Stegnaspea
- Stuckenbergiana
- Sutrea Baly, 1876
- Terpnochlorus
- Toxaria
- Trachytetra
- Tritonaphthona
- Upembaltica
- Xanthophysca
- Xenidia Baly, 1862
- Xuthea Baly, 1865
- Yemenaltica
- Zomba
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. M. S. Gilyarov ; Edited .: A. A. Baev , G. G. Winberg, G. A. Zavarzin, and others. - M .: Sov. Encyclopedia , 1986. - p. 75. - 831 p. - 100 000 copies
- ↑ Paliy V.F. Distribution, ecology and biology of earth flea faunas of the USSR. Fr., 1962.
- ↑ Bukejs A., Nadein K. Psyllototus groehni sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a new species of palaeoendemic genus from Baltic amber (English) // Baltic Journal of Coleopterology: journal. - 2014. - Vol. 14 , no. 2 - P. 163-166 . - ISSN 1407-8619 .
- ↑ The determinant of insects of the Far East of the USSR. T. III. Coleoptera, or beetles. Part 1 / under total. ed. P. A. Lera . - L .: Science , 1989. - p. 539. - 572 p. - 3 150 copies - ISBN 5-02-025623-4 .
Literature
- Gruev Blagoy. & Döberl M. 1997: General distribution of the flea beetles in the Palaearctic Subregion (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). - Scopolia 37: 1-496.
- Gruev, Blagoy & Döberl, Manfred. 2005. General distribution of the Flea Beetles in the Palaearctic Subregion (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae: Alticinae). Supplement. (Pensoft Series Faunistica No 42). - Sofia-Moscow, Pensoft. - pp. 1–240. ISBN 954-642-231-2
- Benkovsky A. O. The determinant of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the European part of Russia and the European countries of the near abroad. - M., 1999. - 204 p.
- Brovdiy V.M. 1973. Beetle-beetles of galarucini (Ukrainian). Fauna of Ukraine. 19. Beetles. 17. - Kiiv: Naukova Dumka. - 194 s.
- Paliy V.F. Distribution, ecology and biology of earth fleas of the USSR fauna. Fr., 1962.
- Warchałowski A. Fauna Polski. T. 13. Chrysomelidae. Stonkowate (Insecta: Coleoptera). Część VI (podrodzina Halticinae: rodzaje Hermaeophaga - Dibolia). - Warszawa: PWN, 1998. - 360 s.
Links
- BioLib Taxon profile - subfamily Galerucini Latreille, 1802
- List of leaf beetles of the subfamily Alticinae (Chrysomelidae) of the countries of the former USSR - K. S. Nadein
- Subfamily earthen fleas (Chrysomelidae: Alticinae) - atlas of leaf beetles of Russia