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UN General Assembly Resolution 3379

UN General Assembly Resolution 3379, “Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,” was adopted on November 10, 1975 at the XXX session of the UN General Assembly . It ranked Israel with apartheid states such as South Africa and Rhodesia , and ruled that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination . Similar resolutions have been adopted by various specialized agencies of the United Nations [1] .

This resolution became the official justification for the United States for the boycott of the World Conferences against Racism and Racial Discrimination organized by the United Nations in 1978 and 1983, which also boycotted Israel and South Africa [2] and at which African, Arab and socialist countries sounded Israel’s allegations of racial discrimination against the Arab population [1] [3] . One of the accusers in 1983 was the executive director of the Cambodian Khmer Rouge Khieu Samphan [1] .

After 16 years, this resolution was repealed..

Content

  • 1 Adoption of a resolution
  • 2 Voting results
  • 3 Evaluation of resolution
    • 3.1 Positive
    • 3.2 Negative
      • 3.2.1 Israel response
  • 4 Boulevard of Zionism
  • 5 Cancel
  • 6 notes
  • 7 See also
  • 8 Literature

Adoption of a Resolution

In 1975, the Arab countries took the initiative to adopt a resolution at the XXX session of the UN General Assembly that condemned Zionism as a form of racism and racial discrimination. [4]

During the discussion, international Zionism was condemned by representatives of socialist countries. Thus, the representative of the Ukrainian SSR stressed that Zionism is a form of racism , and the representative of Cuba indicated that Zionism, which occupied the Arab territories in 1967 , continues to impede the realization of the fundamental rights of the indigenous population [5] .

As a result of a lengthy discussion, the XXX session of the UN General Assembly adopted resolution 3379. The resolution was supported by Arab countries , third world countries and the socialist bloc [6] . It contained a reminder of the resolution adopted at the eighteenth session, which proclaimed the UN Declaration on the Abolition of All Forms of Racial Difference or Superiority, containing instructions that “any doctrine of racial difference or superiority is scientifically wrong, morally condemned, socially unfair and dangerous ”, and the anxiety expressed in it in connection with“ manifestations of racial discrimination still occurring in some parts of the world, which in some cases is rooted in government by you of individual countries through legislative, administrative or other measures ” [5] . Resolution 3379 referred to the resolution adopted by the XXVIII session, condemning the "unholy alliance between South African racism and Zionism" [7] . The resolution also stated that “international Zionism” had previously been condemned by a number of international intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations [7] .

Voting Results

 
Voting by country:
     Initiators      Have supported      Abstained      Against      Were absent

The resolution was adopted by 72 votes in favor, with 35 against and 32 abstentions.

Behind

Albania , Algeria , Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bahrain , Belarusian SSR , Bulgaria , Brazil , Burundi , Hungary , Guyana , Gambia , Guinea , Guinea-Bissau , German Democratic Republic , Grenada , Dahomey , Egypt , India , Indonesia , Jordan , Iraq , Iran , Cape Verde , Cambodia , Cameroon , Qatar , Cyprus , People's Republic of China , Congo , Kuwait , Cuba , Laos , Lebanon , Libyan Arab Jamahiriya , Mauritania , Madagascar , Malaysia , Mali , Maldives , Malta , Morocco , Mexico , Mozambique , Mongolia , Niger , Nigeria , United Arab Emirates , Man , Pakistan , Poland , Portugal , Rwanda , Sao Tome and Principe , Saudi Arabia , North Yemen , Senegal , Syrian Arab Republic , Somalia , the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , Sudan , Tanzania , Tunisia , Turkey , Uganda , Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , Chad , Czechoslovakia , Sri Lanka , Equatorial Guinea , South Yemen .

Against

Australia , Austria , Bahamas , Barbados , Belgium , Ivory Coast , United Kingdom , Haiti , Honduras , Denmark , Dominican Republic , Israel , Ireland , Iceland , Italy , Canada , Costa Rica , Liberia , Luxembourg , Malawi , Netherlands , Nicaragua , New Zealand , Norway , Panama , El Salvador , United States of America , Uruguay , Federal Republic of Germany , Fiji , Finland , France , Central African Republic , Switzerland , Sweden .

Abstained

Argentina , Burma , Bolivia , Botswana , Bhutan , Venezuela , Upper Volta , Gabon , Ghana , Guatemala , Greece , Zaire , Zambia , Kenya , Colombia , Lesotho , Nepal , Papua New Guinea , Paraguay , Peru , Singapore , Sierra Leone , Thailand , Togo , Trinidad and Tobago , Philippines , Chile , Ecuador , Ethiopia , Jamaica , Japan .

Rating Resolution

Positive

As the Soviet lawyer, Doctor of Law, Professor Lidia Modzhoryan, noted, resolution 3379 “formulated the legal qualification of international Zionism as an unlawful phenomenon, as a form of racism, the theory, organizational structure and activities of which are incompatible with international law and pose a constant threat to peace and good neighborly relations between states” [ 7] .

The Soviet scientist doctor of historical sciences, professor Evgeni Pyrlin [8] described the resolution as "an indictment not only against Zionism, but also against the policies of the Israeli leadership - the policies of expansion and war" [9] [10] .

According to the Soviet-Russian scientist, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Alexander Baryshev [11] , the decision to condemn Zionism as a form of racism is associated with numerous Israeli attacks and aggression , Palestinian genocide and Israeli attempts to destroy Arab civilization [12] .

Negative

President of the Central Committee of German Catholics Bernhard Vogel said after the adoption of the resolution: “For us, the self-destruction of the moral authority of the United Nations is painful” [1] .

Joseph Bernardine, President of the Conference of Catholic Bishops of the United States, expressed "deep disagreement and great disappointment at the unjust resolution adopted by the UN" [13] .

According to the Israeli political scientist Johanan Manor, one of the coordinators of the campaign to repeal resolution 3379 [14] , in the mid-1980s, the US Senate , the Australian Parliament , the European Parliament , as well as the legislative assemblies of Peru and Uruguay condemned the resolution. The Australian government, at the initiative of the local Zionist organization, stated that the resolution was not in line with the declared goals of the UN, and made a commitment to seek its abolition and involve Asian countries in this fight [15] .

US President George W. Bush , presenting in 1991 a motion to repeal resolution 3379, said equating Zionism with racism is a mockery of UN principles and a rejection of Israel [16] .

In 1998, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan called resolution 3379 “the lowest point in relations between Israel and the United Nations,” saying that “its negative consequences cannot be overestimated” [17] [18] . Seven years before, an American professor of political science, Michael Curtis, called this resolution the lowest point in the entire existence of the UN [19] .

Israel's response

In an appeal to the UN General Assembly on the day the resolution was adopted, Israeli Ambassador Haim Herzog said, in particular, that this resolution is “another manifestation of the fierce anti-Semitic, anti-Jewish hatred that inspires Arab society.” At the end of his speech, he said: “For us, the Jewish people, this resolution is based on hatred, lies and arrogance, devoid of any moral or legal significance. For us Jews, this is nothing more than a piece of paper, and we will consider it as such, ”after which he tore up a copy of the resolution that he was holding in his hands.

Zionism Boulevard

After the adoption of resolution 3379 by decision of the mayor of Haifa , the United Nations street , named after the Arab-Israeli war of 1947-1949 , was renamed Zionism Boulevard . In 2001, residents of the boulevard, populated mainly by Arabs , collected about 200 signatures for a petition calling for it to be renamed. It was suggested that such a name is dismissive of Arabs [20] . The demand was put forward to return the street not to the name of the United Nations, but to the name of Shara Al-Jebel (Mountain Street), which she wore until 1948 [21] .

Cancel

After the collapse of the eastern bloc, at the request of the United States and Israel, the resolution was repealed on December 16, 1991 by resolution 46/86 of the UN General Assembly. 111 states voted for the adoption of the resolution (including almost 30 of those who voted for the original resolution, including the USSR), 25 against, 13 abstained [22] . Israel also stipulated its consent to participate in the 1991 Madrid Peace Conference by repealing resolution 3379.

According to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary , Doctor of Historical Sciences and Professor of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Alexander Baryshev, the resolution was canceled without any explanation from the UN General Assembly , due to the changing international conditions and the “fierce” pressure of the United States , which, according to Baryshev, the center of world Zionism and imperialism [12] . Johanan Manor also confirms the opinion of US pressure, citing the Jerusalem Post reporting that US ambassadors in other countries were instructed to warn that failure to vote to cancel resolution 3379 could affect the relations of these countries with the US [15] .

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Shovkun F. UN against the “criminal state” (neopr.) . Jewish Newspaper. Date of treatment April 30, 2011. Archived on April 13, 2012.
  2. ↑ World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance (Neopr.) . United Nations. Date of treatment April 30, 2011. Archived on April 13, 2012.
  3. ↑ “The first of them, which took place in Geneva in 1978 and was boycotted by Israel, the United States and South Africa because of one-sided preparations, ended in scandal: despite resistance from leading industrial states, the alliance from Arab, African and socialist countries accused Israel of racial discrimination against the Arab population in the occupied territories. ”
  4. ↑ The struggle of the USSR at the United Nations for peace, security and cooperation: 1945-1985 / Ed. A. A. Gromyko, G. M Kornienko, P. Kh. Abdullaev. - M .: Politizdat, 1986 .-- S. 328 .-- 382 p.
  5. ↑ 1 2 Mojoryan, 1979 , p. 216.
  6. ↑ Jerome A. Chanes. The United National // Antisemitism: a reference handbook. - ABC-CLIO, 2004 .-- P. 222. - 347 p.
  7. ↑ 1 2 3 Mojoryan, 1979 , p. 217.
  8. ↑ David Harb. West Meets East . - Xlibris Corporation, 2010. - P. 106-107. - 172 p. - ISBN 145356358X , 9781453563588.
    Kirpichenko V. A. Intelligence: faces and personalities. - M. , 1998 .-- S. 73 .-- 254 p.
  9. ↑ Dmitriev E. Palestinian tragedy. - M .: Int. Relations, 1986. - S. 29. - 156 p.
  10. ↑ Evgeny Dmitriev - pseudonym E. D. Pirlina - Agapov M. G. The origins of Soviet-Israeli relations: the “Jewish national hearth” in Soviet politics in the 1920s and 1930s . - Tyumen: Vector Buk, 2011 .-- S. 31. - 322 p. - 500 copies.
  11. ↑ Baryshev Alexander Petrovich .
  12. ↑ 1 2 Baryshev A.P. World Politics and the United Nations, 1945-2009. - Society of friendship and development of cooperation with foreign countries, 2009. - P. 757. - 1319 p. - ISBN 978-5-903073-50-4 .
  13. ↑ THE UN'S ANTI-ZIONISM RESOLUTION: CHRISTIAN RESPONSES, by Judith H. Banki . Presented by The Interreligious Affairs Department, THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE, 70th Anniversary Annual Meeting, May 12-16, 1976. Washington, DC
  14. ↑ Dr. Yohanan Manor. The attitude to Arabs, Palestinians, Islam and Peace in Israeli Schoolbooks // The role of textbooks in the Middle East conflict . - European Institute for Research on the Middle East, 2006. - P. 2. - 26 p.
  15. ↑ 1 2 Yohanan Manor. “Zionism Is Racism” Resolution: The Rise, Fall and Eesurgence of a Libel . (eng.)
  16. ↑ Address to the 46th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York City . September 23, 1991. The American Presidency Project.
  17. ↑ The 2009 UN Durban Review Conference: Follow-Up to the 2001 UN World Conference Against Racism, Luisa Blanchfield, November 20, 2008 .: 13 Then-Secretary-General Kofi Annan called resolution 3379 a “low point” in Israel's relationship with the United Nations, stating that the "negative resonance [of the resolution] ... is difficult to overestimate".
  18. ↑ UN press release SG / SM / 6504 / Rev.1, March 25, 1998.
  19. ↑ Michael Curtis. International Law and the Territories (Eng.) // Harvard International Law Journal. - 1991. - Vol. 32. - P. 457-495.
  20. ↑ ערביי חיפה לא רוצים לגור בשד 'הציונות - דורשים לשנות את שם הרחוב .
  21. ↑ Yfaat Weiss. Conflicting memories, unrestituted: Wadi Salib as an Israeli political metaphor // Restitution and memory: Material restoration in Europe / Dan Diner, Gotthart Wunberg (Eds.). - Berghahn Books, 2007 .-- P. 302. - ISBN 1-84545-220-8 .
  22. ↑ 260 General Assembly Resolution 46-86- Revocation of Resolution 3379-16 December 1991- and statement by President Herzog 16 Dec 1991, VOLUME 11-12: 1988-1992

See also

  • General Assembly Resolutions Related to Israel and the Middle East (In chronological order by year, numerical order by resolution)

Literature

  • Kovalev F.N., Kolosov Yu.M., Krylov B.S., Chkhikvadze V.M. USSR and international cooperation in the field of human rights. Documents and materials / Ed. A. L. Adamshina. - M: International Relations, 1989.
  • Modzhoryan L.A. International Zionism before the court of nations // Zionism as a form of racism and racial discrimination. - M: International Relations, 1979. - S. 215-217. - 237 p.
  • Dina Porat , Israel "Zionism = Racism - A Historical Perspective." The Coordination Forum for Countering Antisemitism, 08-24-2004


Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Resolution of the UN General Assembly_3379&oldid = 96178844


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