Prince of Asturias , Princess of Asturias ( Spanish: Príncipe de Asturias, Princesa de Asturias ) - the historical (and after the adoption of the constitution - official) title that the heir to the Spanish throne wore since 1388, when the Bayonne Agreement was signed ( es: Tratado de Bayona (1388 ) ). Previously, this title belonged to the medieval kingdom of Castile and Leon .
In 1969, the dictator Franco appointed Juan Carlos the heir to the throne, but gave him the new title of Prince of Spain , since he did not have the authority to confer the historical title of Prince of Asturias.
From November 1, 1977 to June 19, 2014, the prince of Asturias was don Philip , the son of King don Juan Carlos I and Queen Dona Sofia . After his ascension to the throne as King Philip VI, the princess of Asturias became his eldest daughter, Princess Leonor .
In 1980, the Prince of Asturias Charity Foundation ( es: Fundación Príncipe de Asturias ) established the Prince of Asturias Prize , awarded in eight categories: for achievements in art, social sciences, social sciences, humanitarian activities, international cooperation, sports, scientific and technical research, “Consent” (de la Concordia).
In honor of the Prince of Asturias, the peak of Principe de Asturias is named, which is part of the Vinson massif in Antarctica.
History
After the death of the king of Castile, Pedro the Cruel in 1369, a civil war broke out in the kingdom. Kings Enrique II of Trastamar (1369–1379) and his son Juan I (1379–1390) were forced to fight John Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, married to the Infanta Constanta of Castile (daughter of Pedro the Cruel). After two decades of conflicts of varying intensity, both sides compromised through marriage. According to the Bayon Act, the future king Enrique III of Castile (1379–1406), in 1388 married Catherine of Lancaster (1373–1418), the daughter of John Gaunt and Constance of Castile. The newlyweds received the titles of Prince and Princess of Asturias. The title of Prince of Asturias was considered the title of heir to the Castilian throne. Thus, the youngest Henry of Castile and Catherine of Lancaster became the first prince and princess of Asturias.
In the early years, the title was not only honorable, as it assumed the rule of the territory of Asturias. The prince ruled Asturias at the suggestion of the king and was able to appoint judges, mayors, etc. This was changed by the Catholic monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, who limited the scope of the title, making it simply honorable. Subsequent kings of Spain from the Habsburg and Bourbon dynasties maintained this order.
Table of Princes and Princesses of Asturias
| Portrait | Name | Whose heir (heiress) | The beginning of the reign | End of board | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Years | Cause | ||||
| Enrique of Castile (1379-1406) | Juan I (father) | 1388 | 1390 | ascended the throne under the name Enrique III | |
| Maria of Castile (1401-1458) | Enrique III (father) | 1402 | 1405 | birth of a brother | |
| Juan of Castile (1405-1454) | 1405 | 1406 | ascended the throne under the name of Juan II | ||
| Catherine of Castile (1422-1424) | Juan II (father) | 1423 | 1424 | death | |
| Eleanor of Castile (1423-1425) | 1424 | 1425 | birth of a brother | ||
| Enrique of Castile (1425-1474) | 1425 | 1454 | ascended the throne under the name Enrique IV | ||
| Juan of Castile (1462-1530) | Enrique IV (father) | 1462 | 1464 | stripped of brother title | |
| Alfonso of Castile (1453-1468) | Enrique IV title inherited step sister | 1465 | 1468 | death | |
| Isabella of Castile (1451-1504) | 1468 | 1470 | stripped of her niece's title | ||
| Juan of Castile (1462-1530) | Enrique IV (father) | 1470 | 1474 | capture of the throne by Isabella I | |
| Isabella of Aragon (1470-1498) | Isabella I (mother) | 1476 | 1480 | birth of a brother | |
| Juan of Aragon (1478–1497) | 1480 | 1497 | death | ||
| Isabella of Aragon (1470-1498) | 1498 | 1498 | death | ||
| Miguel Portuguese (1498-1500) | Isabella I (grandma) | 1499 | 1500 | death | |
| Juana of Aragon (1479-1555) | Isabella I (mother) | 1502 | 1504 | ascended the throne | |
| Karl of Austria (1500–1558) | Juan (mother) | 1504 | 1516 | ascended the throne under the name of Charles I | |
| Philip of Austria (1527-1598) | Carlos I and Juan the Mad (father and grandmother) | 1528 | 1556 | ascended the throne under the name Philip II | |
| Carlos Viana (1545-1568) | Philip II (father) | 1560 | 1568 | death | |
| Ferdinand of Austria (1571-1578) | 1573 | 1578 | death | ||
| Diego Austrian (1575-1582) | 1580 | 1582 | death | ||
| Philip of Austria (1578-1621) | 1584 | 1598 | ascended the throne under the name Philip III | ||
| Philip of Austria (1605-1665) | Philip III (father) | 1608 | 1621 | ascended the throne under the name Philip IV | |
| Balthazar Carlos (1629-1646) | Philip IV | 1632 | 1646 | death | |
| Felipe Prospero (1657–1661) | 1658 | 1661 | death | ||
| Karl of Austria (1661-1700) | 1661 | 1665 | ascended the throne under the name Charles II | ||
| Louis (1707-1724) | Philip V (father) | 1709 | 1724 | ascended the throne under the name of Louis I | |
| Ferdinand (1713-1759) | 1724 | 1746 | ascended the throne under the name Ferdinand VI | ||
| Charles (1716-1788) | Charles III (father) | 1760 | 1788 | ascended the throne under the name of Charles IV | |
| Ferdinand (1784-1833) | Charles IV (father) | 1789 | 1808 | took the throne under the name Ferdinand VII | |
| Isabel (1830-1904) | Ferdinand VII (father) | 1830 ( 1833 ) | 1833 | ascended the throne under the name Isabella II | |
| Isabel (1851-1931) | Isabella II (mother) | 1851 | 1857 | birth of a brother | |
| Alfonso XII (1857-1885) | 1857 | 1868 | mother's abdication | ||
| Emanuel Philibert of Savoy (1869-1931) | Amadeus (father) | 1871 | 1873 | father's abdication | |
| Isabel (1851-1931) | Alfonso XII (brother) | 1875 | 1880 | removed from inheritance | |
| Maria de las Mercedes (1880-1904) | Alfonso XII (father) | 1880 | 1885 | removed from inheritance | |
| Alfonso XIII (brother) | 1886 | 1904 | |||
| Alfonso (1907-1938) | Alfonso XIII (father) | 1907 | 1933 | waived inheritance rights | |
| Juan (1913-1993) | 1933 | 1941 | recognized as the heir to the Spanish throne and held the title of prince since June 21, 1933, but preferred to use the title "Count of Barcelona"; renounced his right to the throne in favor of his son Juan Carlos on May 14, 1977 | ||
| Philip (born 1968) | Juan Carlos I (father) | 1977 | 2014 | took the throne under the name Philip VI | |
| Leonor de Todos los Santos de Bourbon-i-Ortiz Spanish (born 2005) | Philip VI (father) | 2014 | n at. | current title holder | |