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Legal status of Sevastopol

The legal status of Sevastopol is a matter of disagreement between Russia , which controls its territory, and Ukraine , as part of which Sevastopol is considered by most UN member states . In Sevastopol, there are naval bases of the Black Sea Fleet of the Navy of the Russian Federation .

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation , Sevastopol is a city ​​of federal significance within the Russian Federation. According to the Constitution of Ukraine , Sevastopol is a city ​​with a special status within Ukraine .

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Sevastopol became an independent Ukraine and became the home city of the Black Sea fleets of the Russian and Ukrainian Navy, formed from the Black Sea fleet of the USSR Navy. In February – March 2014, Sevastopol joined Russia .

Content

History

The status of Sevastopol in the late XVIII - mid XX century

St. Petersburg, located near the Baltic, is the northern capital of Russia, the middle one is Moscow, and Kherson of Akhtiyarsky may be the midday [southern] capital of my Sovereign [1] .

From a letter from G. A. Potemkin to Catherine II of June 13 ( 24 ), 1783

Since its foundation in 1783, Sevastopol has served as the main base of the Black Sea Fleet . In 1787, four years after its foundation, the status of a naval base was finally assigned to Sevastopol; civil authorities moved to Simferopol . Thus, already since 1787, Sevastopol was separated, separated from the local regional subordination of the Tauride region and actually ranked as a naval port of national importance, directly subordinated to St. Petersburg. Sevastopol was a separate administrative district. The management of the city was in the hands of the naval administration, appointed directly from St. Petersburg. At the head was the Governor-General, who was also the commander of the Black Sea Fleet [2] .

In 1789, a port authority was formed in the city, in 1804 - the main administration of the Black Sea Fleet, and with the appointment of Admiral Ushakov as head of the fleet and port, a large naval and fortress construction was launched [2] .

By the decree of Emperor Alexander I, the Governing Senate of February 23 ( March 6 ), 1804 [3] Sevastopol was given the status of "main military port", which was denied entry to "merchant" ships. An exception was made only for ships in distress or in need of repair, after which they were ordered to leave the port immediately. Since April 30, 1809, Sevastopol was declared the main Black Sea fortress and a special fortress flag was raised in it, the same as the fortress flags of imperial significance in Kronstadt, Vyborg and Sveaborg [2] .

In the Paris world of 1856, Russia was forbidden to keep a fleet in Sevastopol, and until 1871 it was turned into a trading city and a customs station. In 1871, after the abolition of the Paris world, Emperor Alexander II signed a decree on the restoration of Sevastopol as the main naval port of Russia on the Black Sea. But practically fortification work was begun only in the mid-80s of the XIX century. And only in 1890, by the order of the emperor of May 17, Sevastopol received the status of a fortress of the 3rd class, and a year later, on April 30, 1891, the fortress flag was again raised in it. Finally, two years later, the definition of the imperial status of Sevastopol as a fortress, city and port was formally completed: on July 26, 1893, a special emblem was approved for it, which sharply differed fundamentally from all other city emblems in that its structure and emblems were not urban and all the more so not of the usual provincial or regional, but clearly of national significance: the shield is red, regal in color, as in Moscow, behind the shield there are two crossed gold anchors, as in large port cities, for example, Petersburg, but as your emblems are the griffin, that is, the generic emblem of the Romanovs’s house, and with reverse enamels (in color): the Romanovs have a red griffin on a silver field, and Sevastopol has a silver griffin on a red field, which meant a special historical continuity, that is, not biological continuity , dynastic, or clan, and continuity by virtue of state history, by virtue of special military-historical state ties [2] .

A decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on October 18, 1921 established the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the borders of the Crimean Peninsula , which included Dzhankoy, Yevpatoria, Kerch, Sevastopol, Feodosia and Yalta districts [4] .

June 4, 1937 Sevastopol became a city of republican subordination of the Crimean ASSR [5] . In June 1945, after the abolition of the Crimean ASSR, Sevastopol became part of the Crimean region.

Sevastopol Status 1948-1954

In accordance with paragraph 57 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 403 of October 25, 1948 "On measures to accelerate the restoration of Sevastopol" [6] and Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of October 29, 1948 No. 761/2 "On the allocation of the city of Sevastopol as an independent administrative -economic center " Sevastopol was" assigned to the category of cities of republican subordination " [7] . Subparagraph "a" of paragraph 8, and paragraph 59 of the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of October 25, 1948 [6] on the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR, the Ministry of Construction of the Military and Naval Enterprises of the USSR and a number of "relevant ministries and departments" were assigned management of the restoration of Sevastopol and the Sevastopol naval base [6] . On October 29, 1948, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR decided "to separate the city of Sevastopol in the state plan and budget as a separate line", and also ordered the ministries and departments of the RSFSR together with the Crimean Regional Executive Committee to allocate the budget and plans for the construction and supply of the city of Sevastopol from the budget and plans of the Crimean region [8] ; this decision was quashed on April 25, 1968 [9] [10] .

Acts of the USSR and the RSFSR adopted in 1948 on Sevastopol, according to Russian researchers [ what? ] , removed him from the Crimean region , giving the city a status equal to the status of the region [11] [12] . According to Ukrainian researchers [ what? ] , the 1948 decree only transferred Sevastopol to the category of regions funded directly from the republican budget, without affecting the issues of legal subordination and administrative-territorial division [13] .

The attribution of Sevastopol to the category of cities of republican subordination was not fixed in the then Constitution of the RSFSR of 1937 , since it did not contain a list of cities of republican subordination and in general the status of a city of republican subordination was not clearly defined at that time [10] . However, this does not directly mean that such cities were part of the respective regions, since Article 14 of the then Constitution of the RSFSR contained a list of only certain administrative units (autonomous Soviet socialist republics, regions, territories and autonomous regions), without calling them subjects of the RSFSR, which not all of They were. In particular, the autonomous regions were not subjects of the federation, since they were part of the territories (the exception was the Tuva Autonomous Region ), but were present in Article 14; at the same time, the national (since 1978 - autonomous) districts, which were also not subjects (they were part of regions and territories), were not on the list [14] [15] . Thus, before the adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR in 1978, the fact of the entry of one administrative unit into another in the Constitution of the RSFSR was not indicated.

As Russian researchers write [ what? ] , despite the absence in the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1937 of the concept of “city of republican subordination”, it follows from a number of normative acts [K 1] that were in force at the time of Sevastopol’s allocation that such cities were equal in status to autonomous republics, territories and regions [12] .

At the same time, Sevastopol continued to function as part of the Crimean region: after 1948, city residents continued to elect their deputies to the Crimean Regional Council of Workers' Deputies [16] [17] (in particular, in 1953, the current prosecutor was elected from Sevastopol to the Crimean Regional Council Crimean region N. trash and previously chairman of the Crimean regional Council became an elected MP from Sevastopol M. Kuzmenko [13] ) and all structures of Sevastopol continued to obey the region (city police - Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Crimean Asti, the city education system - the regional management of education, urban health - Regional Department of Health) [18] .

Sevastopol status in 1954-1990

In February 1954, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR decided to transfer the Crimean region to the Ukrainian SSR [19] . The ceremony of signing the decree was attended by the chairman of the Sevastopol City Council of Workers' Deputies Sergey Sosnitsky [13] .

Minutes No. 41 of the meeting of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR

February 5, 1954

Given the commonality of the economy, territorial proximity and close economic and cultural ties between the Crimean region and the Ukrainian SSR, the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR decides:

Transfer the Crimean region from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.

The present resolution shall be submitted for approval by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR [20] .

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of February 5, 1954 "On the transfer of the Crimean region from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR", the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR of February 19, 1954 and the Law of the USSR of April 26, 1954 on this issue do not contain any references to Sevastopol [10] . Sosnitsky, however, speaking at a session of the Sevastopol City Council, said that the city along with the Crimean region was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR [13] . According to Dmitry Polyansky , secretary of the Crimean Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, “it was agreed by the Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Council” that Sevastopol will remain a city of republican subordination after the transfer of Crimea, however, in practice, the executive bodies of the Ukrainian SSR in many cases considered Sevastopol as a city of regional subordination of the Crimean region. In this regard, the Crimean Regional Committee turned to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine with a request to confirm the status of Sevastopol as a city of republican subordination of the Ukrainian SSR, which was supported by the ministries of finance and communal services of the Ukrainian SSR and the party department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party [21] .

The 1978 Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR indicated that Sevastopol is one of two (along with Kiev) cities of republican subordination of the Ukrainian SSR [22] . In the Constitution of the RSFSR adopted in the same year, only Moscow and Leningrad were named among the cities of republican subordination of the RSFSR [23] [24] .

One of the arguments of the supporters of the Ukrainian affiliation of Sevastopol is a reference to the collection "USSR, Administrative and Territorial Division of the Union Republics on July 1, 1967." In this collection, two cities of republican subordination of the RSFSR — Moscow and Leningrad — and two cities of republican subordination of the Ukrainian SSR — Kiev and Sevastopol, are named [18] . Moreover, in the section "Ukrainian SSR" the "hero city of Sevastopol" is separately highlighted as "a city of republican subordination since 1948." In their opinion, this means that after 1954 Sevastopol retained the status of a city of republican subordination, but changed the republic to which it was subordinate [16] [25] . However, Russian researchers consider this argument to be erroneous, because, despite the official nature of this publication, the information specified in it cannot be recognized as fixing the status of Sevastopol as a city of republican subordination within Ukraine, since the publication does not have the character of a legal act [10] . Another argument of supporters of the city’s Ukrainian affiliation is the transfer in 1954 of the Sevastopol City Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of Ukraine [16] [18] . However, this argument was disputed by Russian researchers. In their opinion, after the decree of 1948, the city party organization in accordance with the structure of the CPSU (b) (since 1952 - the CPSU) was left as part of the Crimean regional party organization, so in 1954 both the Crimean and Sevastopol Party organizations were transferred to the Communist Party of Ukraine [ 10] .

Sevastopol Status 1990–2014

On November 19, 1990, even before the collapse of the USSR , but after the adoption of declarations of state sovereignty by the Union republics , an agreement was concluded between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR for a period of ten years (with automatic renewal for the same period every ten years if neither party declares on withdrawal from the contract), in accordance with which the parties undertook to respect the borders between the union republics that existed at the time of signing the contract. This agreement was terminated upon the entry into force of the Treaty of Friendship and Partnership of 1997 [26] (see below).

On January 20, 1991, a referendum was held in the city, in which 97% of residents voted for "the status of Sevastopol - the main base of the Black Sea Fleet, a city of union-republican subordination" [27] .

On February 12, 1991, the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR adopted a law on the restoration of the Crimean ASSR within the borders of the Crimean region [28] .

At an all-Ukrainian referendum on December 1, 1991, 57.1% of those who voted at the turnout 63.7% (total 36.4% of eligible residents of Sevastopol) voted in favor of the Act of 08.24.1991 on the independence of Ukraine (54.2% of the Crimean ASSR 67.5% who voted at the turnout, totaling 36.6% of eligible residents). [29] . Such a result of the vote contradicted the requirement of the required minimum of 2/3 of the votes of eligible citizens (Article 6 of the Law of the USSR of 04.03.1990 No. 1409-I “On the Procedure for Solving Issues Related to the Exit of a Union Republic from the USSR”). [30] .

On December 2, 1992, the legal department of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR issued a conclusion according to which the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR “On the Allocation of the City of Sevastopol as an Independent Administrative Center” of October 29, 1948 was neither changed nor canceled [31] . On December 7 of that year, the VII Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation instructed the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation to consider the status of the city of Sevastopol. 793 deputies out of 835 voted for the corresponding protocol order, 25 against, 17 deputies abstained and 4 did not vote [32] . Fulfilling this request, on July 9, 1993 , the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation considered the issue of the status of Sevastopol, and, by a majority of 166 votes with one abstention and no votes against [33] , proclaimed the city to be the territory of Russia (“confirmed the Russian federal status of the city within the city district for December 1991 ") and instructed to develop appropriate amendments to the then existing Constitution of the RSFSR 1978 [6] .

Decisions of the Russian parliament on the status of the city caused a sharply negative reaction from the Ukrainian authorities. The Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on December 9, 1992 regarded the decision of the Russian Congress on Sevastopol as "another frank attempt to make territorial claims against Ukraine, a gross violation of the spirit and letters of the agreements ratified by the Supreme Council of Russia" and stated that "the city of Sevastopol is an integral part of Ukraine, and therefore its status can only be changed by Ukraine, and not by another state ” [34] . President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk described the decision of the Supreme Council of Russia on Sevastopol as an attempt on the territorial integrity of Ukraine and Russia's violation of its international obligations [35] , and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on July 14 declared this decision of the Russian parliament not generating legal consequences for Ukraine and proposed to the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation cancel it [36] . The Russian executive power also dissociated itself from the decision of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation for Sevastopol. Russian President Boris Yeltsin said that he was “ashamed of this decision” and that he should “gradually and calmly solve the problems of the Black Sea Fleet and its base city” [37] , and the Russian Foreign Ministry on July 11 said that the decision was at odds with the line of the president and the government Russia on the issues of the Black Sea Fleet and only complicates the solution of its basing in the Crimea [38] .

On July 20, at the initiative of Ukraine, a meeting of the UN Security Council was held. In a statement adopted following its results, the Security Council “shared deep concern” and welcomed the position of the President and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine and the Russian Foreign Ministry by order of the RF Armed Forces. The Security Council reaffirmed its commitment to the territorial integrity of Ukraine in accordance with the UN Charter and emphasized that in the Russian-Ukrainian agreement of November 19, 1990, Russia and Ukraine pledged to respect each other’s territorial integrity within their borders, and the resolution of the Russian Parliament on Sevastopol “ incompatible with this obligation, as well as with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and has no force ” [39] .

In the context of the confrontation between the President and the Parliament of Russia , which resulted in the dispersal of the Supreme Council in the autumn of 1993, the decision of the Supreme Council was not executed [40] [41] , and in the Constitution of the Russian Federation adopted on December 12, 1993, there was no mention of Sevastopol as a subject of the Russian Federation [42 ] .

On August 23, 1994, the Sevastopol City Council of People's Deputies proclaimed the “Russian city status” and appealed to the authorities of the Russian Federation and Ukraine with a request to consolidate it [43] . The decision was quashed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine [44] [45] .

In the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea, adopted on May 6, 1992 and in force until 1995, the city of Sevastopol was defined as "an integral part of the Crimea." The special status of the city “is determined by the relevant legislative acts of the Republic and cannot be changed without the consent of its citizens”, and it was supposed to build relations between the authorities of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol on a contractual basis [46] . On March 17, 1995, the Crimean constitution was canceled by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine [47] , as a result of which the Chairman of the Supreme Council of Crimea Sergey Tsekov stated on April 14, 1995, among other things, that “it [the Republic of Crimea] was divided into territories - the separation of Sevastopol from Crimea” [ 27] [48] .

On November 1, 1995, a new constitution of the Republic of Crimea was adopted, in which the city of Sevastopol was again defined as “an integral part of Crimea”, and the territory of the Republic of Crimea declared the entire “territory of the Crimean peninsula within the boundaries defined from the north by the administrative borders of the Kherson region” [49] . However, on April 4, 1996, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the law "On the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea", which, in particular, abolished article 7 and paragraph 3 of article 107 of the Crimean constitution, which mention Sevastopol.

On June 28, 1996, a new Constitution of Ukraine was adopted, which Sevastopol was assigned to the category of cities with special status, along with Kiev [50] .

On October 24, 1996, the State Duma in its appeal to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine stated that on the basis of a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of October 29, 1948, Russia “has the right to exercise state sovereignty over Sevastopol” [51] . On December 5, 1996, the Federation Council stated that “Russian statehood is being tested for strength”, “vivid confirmation” of which is “the problem of the status of the city of Sevastopol, which has become the subject of disagreement” between Russia and Ukraine [52] . The Federation Council also “expressed concern” that “the Ukrainian side, contrary to objective realities, does not want to discuss the issue of the Russian status of the city of Sevastopol” [53] .

On December 25, 1996, the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in a letter to the Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on Foreign Affairs, signed by First Deputy Minister V. Pastukhov, stated that “the issue of the status of the city of Sevastopol is not the subject of negotiations with the Ukrainian side. The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs participates in negotiations on the Black Sea Fleet, in which, in accordance with the Sochi Agreement of June 9, 1995, problems are discussed regarding the parameters of the Black Sea Fleet section, the status and conditions of the fleet's stay on Ukrainian territory , as well as the settlements related to the Black Sea Fleet partition and its stay in the Black Sea Fleet. territory of Ukraine. " The conclusion of the legal department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation on the status of the city of Sevastopol was attached to the letter, which noted [54] :

... The 1948 decree did not distinguish the territory of the city of Sevastopol from the Crimean region into an independent administrative-territorial unit within any borders (this is indicated, in particular, by the terminology of the Decree - “administrative-economic center”, and not “administrative-territorial unit” ), but only established the principle of its management and financing directly by the central republican authorities ... Thus, we can conclude that the territory of the city in 1954 was part of the Crimean region. Accordingly, Sevastopol was transferred to Ukraine along with the Crimean region.

The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between the Russian Federation and Ukraine , signed in 1997, provides for the recognition by Russia of the existing state borders of Ukraine [55] , as well as the Treaty between the Russian Federation and Ukraine signed in 2003 on the Russian-Ukrainian state border [56 ] .

The status of Sevastopol as a part of Ukraine was disputed by a number of political movements of Crimea and Sevastopol (Russian Crimean Movement, Russian Community of Crimea [57] ), which put forward the slogans of the return of Sevastopol and Crimea to Russia as a political platform. A similar position was held by a number of political forces and figures of the Russian Federation, which since the mid -1990s have provided political, organizational [58] and financial [59] support to the pro-Russian organizations of Sevastopol. The top leadership of Russia from 1997 and up to 2014 did not make official demands regarding the “return of the Crimea” or determining the status of Sevastopol [60] .

The inclusion of Sevastopol in Russia in 2014.

On March 6, 2014, at an extraordinary session of the Sevastopol City Council , decisions were made to join the city of Sevastopol in the Russian Federation , to support the decision of the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea to hold a general Crimean referendum and to take part in the city on March 16, 2014 [61] .

On March 11, the Sevastopol City Council and the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea adopted the Declaration of Independence of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol [62] [63] , in which, referring to the UN Charter and the decision of the International Court of Justice on the legality of Kosovo’s independence , they stated that if adopted at a referendum on March 16 of the decision on the annexation of Crimea (Crimea and the city of Sevastopol) to Russia, Crimea after the referendum will be declared an independent state (Republic of Crimea) and in this status will turn to Russia with a proposal to conclude and the agreement on the adoption of the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation as a new subject of the Russian Federation.

On March 16, 2014, a referendum was held on the status of Crimea , according to official results of which 95.6% of the residents of Sevastopol who voted (with an official turnout of 89.5%) supported joining Russia [64] . On March 17, the Sevastopol City Council, following a referendum on March 16, asked the Russian authorities to include the city in the Russian Federation as a city ​​of federal significance [65] .

On March 18, 2014, in the St. George Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace , an agreement was signed on the Republic of Crimea joining the Russian Federation and the formation of two new constituent entities of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the city of federal significance Sevastopol [66] . After 3 days, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the Formation of New Subjects — the Republic of Crimea and the City of Federal Significance of Sevastopol” in the Russian Federation and the Federal Law “On Ratification of the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on the adoption of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the formation of new entities within the Russian Federation ” [67] . Article 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted on December 12, 1993, included, along with the mention of the Republic of Crimea , the mention of the city of federal significance of Sevastopol [68] , and on April 11, 2014 the new text of the Constitution, including Crimea and Sevastopol, was officially published [69 ] [70] [71] .

At the same time, the law on the admission of new entities to the Russian Federation does not provide for the formation of a city of federal significance (which took place in the case of Sevastopol) when Russia is accepted as a new entity of a foreign state or part thereof [72] . The Constitutional Court of Russia , referring to Articles 5, 65 and 66 of the Constitution (establishing the respective statuses of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation) and “taking into account the specific historical features that characterize the formation of various constituent entities of the Russian Federation”, considered it acceptable to accept Sevastopol into Russia as a city of federal significance [73] However, he did not directly declare whether, in principle, the restriction established by law is still valid or has been repealed as unconstitutional [74] .

The accession of Crimea to the Russian Federation was not recognized by Ukraine. On April 15, 2014, the Verkhovna Rada adopted a law [75] that declared the territory of Crimea (and, in particular, Sevastopol) as “temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation”. The law provides that this territory is an integral part of the territory of Ukraine and Ukrainian legislation extends to it, however, the responsibility for the violation of human rights, compensation for material and moral harm caused to this territory, and the protection of cultural heritage lies with the Russian Federation [75] . Most UN member states also consider the accession of Crimea to Russia illegal, which is reflected in the UN General Assembly resolution on "supporting the integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders" and not recognizing changes in the status of Crimea and Sevastopol based on the referendum of March 16, 2014.

Sevastopol status after Crimea joins Russia

Russia

According to the official position of Russia, “in accordance with the free and voluntary will of the peoples of Crimea at the Crimean referendum on March 16, 2014 and the Treaty on the Admission of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation of March 18, 2014, the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol are an integral part of the Russian Federation” [76] . The Constitution of the Russian Federation classifies Sevastopol as a city of federal significance [70] . In the territory of Sevastopol at present (June 2016) there are no closed administrative-territorial units [77] and territories with regulated visits by foreigners [78] .

Ukraine

According to the official position of Ukraine, "Crimea and the city of Sevastopol <...> are <...> an integral part of the sovereign Ukrainian state, which is subject to the Constitution and laws of Ukraine", and are considered as "temporarily occupied" [79] . The Constitution of Ukraine classifies Sevastopol as a city with a special status determined by the laws of Ukraine [50] .

Other states

Most states take the position that the annexation of Crimea (including Sevastopol) to Russia was illegal, as evidenced by a vote at the UN plenary session on this issue, but do not establish differences in the legal status between the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol; in any case, no such information has been established.

Notes

  1. ↑ So, for example, in the resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of September 23, 1944, number 682 “On the procedure for spending the reserve fund of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR” it says: “People’s Commissariats and departments of the RSFSR, regional executive committees, regional executive committees, Councils of People’s Autonomous Republics and city executive committees of cities of republican subordination may ask for over-the-credit loans ... ”(paragraph 2). In the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of May 22, 1947 No. 389 “On the Protection of Architectural Monuments”, responsibility for the protection of monuments rests with the “Department of Architecture under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, regional and regional executive committees, city executive committees of cities of republican (RSFSR) subordination and Councils of Ministers of Autonomous republics ”(paragraph 2) [12] .
  1. ↑ Catherine II G.A. Potemkin. Personal correspondence (1769-1791) / Edition prepared by V.C. Lopatin. - M .: Nauka, 1997 .-- S. 172. - 992 p. - ISBN 5-02-011222-4 .
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 4 3.1. The legal status of the city of Sevastopol in the Russian Empire // Fedorov A.V. Legal status of the Crimea: Legal status of Sevastopol. - M .: Publishing house of Moscow University, 1999. - 53 p.
  3. ↑ Decree of Emperor Alexander I of the Name given to the Senate. - About the life in Sevastopol to the main military port, and about the removal of the port Customs located there. (unspecified) . February 23 ( March 6 ) 1804
  4. ↑ Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of October 18, 1921 “ On the Autonomy of the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic ”
  5. ↑ Crimean ASSR Constitution of 1937
  6. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Sevastopol: yesterday and today in the documents // Browser - Observer. - T. 25 , No. 21 .
  7. ↑ Decree of the Presidium of the Armed Forces of the RSFSR OF 10/29/1948 N 761/2 ABOUT ALLOCATION OF THE CITY OF SEVASTOPOL TO AN INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE AND ECONOMIC CENTER
  8. ↑ Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of October 29, 1948 No. 1082 “Questions of the City of Sevastopol”
  9. ↑ Decision of the Council of Ministers - Government of the RSFSR of April 25, 1968 N 264 "On the recognition of the invalidation of certain decisions of the Government of the RSFSR on state planning
  10. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 3.2. The legal status of the city of Sevastopol in the RSFSR // Fedorov A.V. Legal status of Crimea: Legal status of Sevastopol. - M .: Publishing house of Moscow University, 1999. - 53 p.
  11. ↑ What is the legal status of Sevastopol? - MGIMO University
  12. ↑ 1 2 3 Romanenko Vladimir Sevastopol - a city of Russia
  13. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Vladimir Sergiychuk. City of Republican Submission // Mirror of the Week , 06/13/2008
  14. ↑ Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR of 1937 in the original version
  15. ↑ Constitution (Basic Law) of the RSFSR of 1937 as amended on December 11, 1975
  16. ↑ 1 2 3 Analysis of documents: Sevastopol - Ukrainian city
  17. ↑ City of Republican Submission - Power - gazeta.zn.ua
  18. ↑ 1 2 3 Will Superfluity work? Sevastopol: pseudo-legal arguments of Yu. M. Luzhkov
  19. ↑ Transfer of Crimea to Ukraine: how it was actually Sevastopol news. ForPost - Sevastopol News Portal
  20. ↑ Crimea transfer
  21. ↑ appeal of the Crimean Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine and a certificate of the information and statistics department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine on the administrative subordination of the city of Sevastopol
  22. ↑ КОНСТИТУЦІЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ РСР 1978р
  23. ↑ Конституция (Основной закон) Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики: Конституции (Основные законы) Автономных Советских Социалистических Республик, входящих в состав РСФСР . — М.. — Советская Россия, 1979. — С. 22. — 702 с.
  24. ↑ Конституция РСФСР 1978 г. в первоначальной редакции (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 18 января 2014. Архивировано 7 апреля 2014 года.
  25. ↑ Так чей все-таки Севастополь? // KP.RU
  26. ↑ Договор между Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республикой и Украинской Советской Социалистической Республикой (неопр.) (19 ноября 1990). Дата обращения 20 апреля 2015. Архивировано 20 апреля 2015 года.
  27. ↑ 1 2 2.2. Проблемы взаимоотношений органов государственной власти Украины и Республики Крым // Фёдоров А. В. Правовой статус Крыма: Правовой статус Севастополя. — М.: Изд-во Московского университета, 1999. — 53 с.
  28. ↑ Закон О восстановлении Крымской АССР 12.02.1991
  29. ↑ Всеукраинский референдум (1991) — Википедия
  30. ↑ Закон СССР от 03.04.1990 № 1409-I — Викитека
  31. ↑ К вопросу о статусе Крыма и Севастополя: Крымская АССР не была национальной
  32. ↑ Седьмой Съезд народных депутатов Российской Федерации, 1 — 14 декабря 1992 года: стенографический отчёт: в 4 т. / Ответственный за выпуск Т. В. Лазарева. — М. : Республика , 1993. — Т. 2. — С. 14. — 592 с. — ISBN 5—250—02357—6.
  33. ↑ Lawmakers Add to Defiance of Yeltsin
  34. ↑ Про Заяву Президії Верховної Ради України у зв'язку з дорученням VII з'їзду народних депутатів Російської Федерації Верховній Раді щодо розгляду питання про статус міста Севастополя (укр.)
  35. ↑ Письмо Постоянного представителя Украины при ООН от 13 июля 1993 года на имя председателя Совета Безопасности организации
  36. ↑ Постановление Верховной Рады Украины от 14 июля 1993 года № 3378-XII «О постановлении Верховного Совета Российской Федерации „О статусе города Севастополя“» (укр.)
  37. ↑ СТЕНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОТЧЕТ О ТРИ ТЫСЯЧИ ДВЕСТИ ПЯТЬДЕСЯТ ШЕСТОМ ЗАСЕДАНИИ Совета Безопасности ООН, состоявшемся в Центральных учреждениях, Нью-Йорк, во вторник, 20 июля 1993 года, в 16 ч. 00 м.
  38. ↑ Письмо представителя Российской Федерации от 19 июля 1993 года на имя Председателя Совета Безопасности
  39. ↑ Записка Председателя СБ ООН (документ S/26118)
  40. ↑ 29 октября — 65 лет наделения Севастополя особым статусом
  41. ↑ Руслан Хасбулатов — «КП»: Передайте Обаме — Крым и Севастополь могли войти в Россию ещё 20 лет назад! // KP.RU
  42. ↑ Конституция Российской Федерации // Российская газета, 25 декабря 1993 года № 237 (853) , стр. 4 — «Статья 65
    1. В составе Российской Федерации находятся субъекты Российской Федерации: Республика Адыгея (Адыгея), Республика Алтай, Республика Башкортостан, Республика Бурятия, Республика Дагестан, Ингушская Республика, Кабардино-Балкарская Республика, Республика Калмыкия — Хальмг Тангч, Карачаево-Черкесская Республика, Республика Карелия, Республика Коми, Республика Марий Эл, Республика Мордовия, Республика Саха (Якутия), Республика Северная Осетия, Республика Татарстан (Татарстан), Республика Тыва, Удмуртская Республика, Республика Хакасия, Чеченская Республика, Чувашская Республика — Чаваш республики;
    Алтайский край, Краснодарский край, Красноярский край, Приморский край, Ставропольский край, Хабаровский край;
    Амурская область, Архангельская область, Астраханская область, Белгородская область, Брянская область, Владимирская область, Волгоградская область, Вологодская область, Воронежская область, Ивановская область, Иркутская область, Калининградская область, Калужская область, Камчатская область, Кемеровская область, Кировская область, Костромская область, Курганская область, Курская область, Ленинградская область, Липецкая область, Магаданская область, Московская область, Мурманская область, Нижегородская область, Новгородская область, Новосибирская область, Омская область, Оренбургская область, Орловская область, Пензенская область, Пермская область, Псковская область, Ростовская область, Рязанская область, Самарская область, Саратовская область, Сахалинская область, Свердловская область, Смоленская область, Тамбовская область, Тверская область, Томская область, Тульская область, Тюменская область, Ульяновская область, Челябинская область, Читинская область, Ярославская область;
    Москва, Санкт-Петербург — города федерального значения;
    Еврейская автономная область;
    Агинский Бурятский автономный округ, Коми-Пермяцкий автономный округ, Корякский автономный округ, Ненецкий автономный округ, Таймырский (Долгано-Ненецкий) автономный округ, Усть-Ордынский Бурятский автономный округ, Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ, Чукотский автономный округ, Эвенкийский автономный округ, Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ.
    2. Принятие в Российскую Федерацию и образование в её составе нового субъекта осуществляются в порядке, установленном федеральным конституционным законом.»
  43. ↑ Решение Севастопольского городского Совета по Российскому статусу Севастополя
  44. ↑ Как Верховная Рада забирала Севастополь у России (неопр.) . Росбалт (19.09.2008). Дата обращения 26 декабря 2009. Архивировано 23 июня 2012 года.
  45. ↑ Постановление Верховной рады Украины от 15 сентября 1994 года № 162/94-ВР «О решении Севастопольского городского Совета народных депутатов „О статусе города Севастополя“ от 23 августа 1994 года» (укр.)
  46. ↑ Конституция Республики Крым
  47. ↑ Про скасування Конституції і деяких законів Автономної… | від 17.03.1995 № 92/95-ВР (укр.)
  48. ↑ Стенограмма заседания Государственной думы от 14 апреля 1995 г.
  49. ↑ Конституция АРК от 01.11.1995
  50. ↑ 1 2 Конституція України від 28.06.1996 № 254к-96-ВР
  51. ↑ Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 24 октября 1996 г. N 747-II ГД "Об обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации «К Верховному Совету Украины в связи с принятием Государственной Думой Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации Федерального закона „О прекращении раздела Черноморского флота“» (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 30 января 2014. Архивировано 1 февраля 2014 года.
  52. ↑ Заявление СФ ФС РФ от 05.12.1996 № 405-СФ «О статусе города Севастополя»
  53. ↑ Постановление СФ ФС РФ от 05.12.1996 № 404-СФ «О комиссии Совета Федерации по подготовке вопроса о правовом статусе города Севастополя»
  54. ↑ 3.3. Проблема статуса Севастополя после распада СССР // Фёдоров А. В. Правовой статус Крыма: Правовой статус Севастополя. — М.: Изд-во Московского университета, 1999. — 53 с.
  55. ↑ Письмо постоянных представителей РФ и Украины при ООН от 6 июня 1997 г. на имя Генерального секретаря
  56. ↑ Договор между Российской Федерацией и Украиной о российско-украинской государственной границе (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 30 марта 2015. Архивировано 1 января 2016 года.
  57. ↑ Портал Русского народа Крыма — русская община Крыма, Партия Русский Блок, Русский молодёжный центр Крыма, Крымский казачий союз — все пророссийские организации на одном сайте
  58. ↑ Эдуард Попов, Юрий Кокин. Русский Крым — 2 // Новая Политика, 16 мая 2005
  59. ↑ Интервью с Председателем Русской общины Крыма С. П. Цековым по случаю награждения Почётной наградой «Соотечественник-2006»
  60. ↑ Севастопольский марш и демарш // Российская газета , 13.05.2008
  61. ↑ Текст решения внеочередной сессии от 06 марта 2014 года № 7151 «Об участии в проведении общекрымского референдума» (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 7 марта 2014. Архивировано 7 марта 2014 года.
  62. ↑ Заявление МИД Российской Федерации о принятии Декларации о независимости Автономной Республики Крым и г. Севастополя
  63. ↑ Newsru.com Парламент Крыма принял декларацию о независимости автономии и Севастополя
  64. ↑ На сессии городского Совета утверждены результаты общекрымского референдума 16 марта 2014 года (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Официальный сайт Севастопольского городского совета (17 марта 2014). Дата обращения 6 ноября 2014. Архивировано 17 марта 2014 года.
  65. ↑ Горсовет Севастополя проголосовал за его вхождение в состав РФ как города с особым статусом
  66. ↑ Договор между Российской Федерацией и Республикой Крым о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов
  67. ↑ Президент России
  68. ↑ «Наименование новых субъектов Российской Федерации — Республика Крым и город федерального значения Севастополь подлежат включению в часть 1 статьи 65 Конституции Российской Федерации». Федеральный конституционный закон от 21 марта 2014 года № 6-ФКЗ , ст. 2, ч. 2
  69. ↑ Республика Крым и Севастополь включены в перечень субъектов РФ в Конституции России (неопр.) . // ИТАР-ТАСС (11 апреля 2014). Дата обращения 11 апреля 2014.
  70. ↑ 1 2 Конституция Российской Федерации // Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации , 11.04.2014
  71. ↑ Опубликована Конституция Российской Федерации Архивная копия от 13 апреля 2014 на Wayback Machine // Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации , 11.04.2014
  72. ↑ Федеральный конституционный закон от 17 декабря 2001 г. N 6-ФКЗ, ст. 4
  73. ↑ Постановление КС РФ по делу о проверке конституционности не вступившего в силу международного договора между Российской Федерацией и Республикой Крым о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов
  74. ↑ Кряжков В. А. Крымский прецедент: конституционно-правовое осмысление // Сравнительное конституционное обозрение. — М. : Институт права и публичной политики, 2014. — № 5 (102) .
  75. ↑ 1 2 Депутаты защитили права украинцев в оккупированном Крыму
  76. ↑ Комментарий Департамента информации и печати МИД России в связи с высказываниями МИД Украины по вопросу правового статуса ядерных объектов в новых субъектах Российской Федерации — Республике Крым и г. Севастополь
  77. ↑ Постановление Правительства РФ от 05.07.2001 N 508 (ред. от 16.04.2015) "Об утверждении перечня закрытых административно-территориальных образований и расположенных на их территориях населенных пунктов" (рус.) . КонсультантПлюс (16 апреля 2015). — в приложении к этому постановлению приведён официальный исчерпывающий перечень ЗАТО на территории РФ; ЗАТО на территории Республики Крым и города Севастополя отсутствуют. Date of treatment June 14, 2016.
  78. ↑ Постановление Правительства РФ от 04.07.1992 N 470 (ред. от 03.07.2014) "Об утверждении Перечня территорий Российской Федерации с регламентированным посещением для иностранных граждан" (рус.) . КонсультантПлюс (3 июля 2014). — в приложении к этому постановлению приведён исчерпывающий перечень территорий Российской Федерации с регламентированным посещением для иностранных граждан. Date of treatment June 14, 2016.
  79. ↑ Заявление МИД Украины касательно проведения Российской Федерацией незаконных «выборов» в Крыму

Literature

  • Фёдоров А. В. Правовой статус Крыма: Правовой статус Севастополя . — М. : Изд-во Московского университета, 1999. — 53 с.
  • Проблема статуса г. Севастополя // Национальные интересы. — Институт национальной стратегии реформ, 1999. — Вып. 3—5 .
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Правовой_статус_Севастополя&oldid=100332387


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