The Karluk-Kypchak languages are a hypothetical group uniting Turkic languages traditionally distributed among the Karluk , Volga-Kypchak , Polovtsian-Kypchak and Nogai-Kypchak subgroups (as well as the Altai mountains ).
Content
Composition
The concept of Karluk-Kypchak unity is the exact opposite of the concept (supported, for example, by N.A. Baskakov ) of Kypchak-Oguz unity, according to which the Oguz and Kypchak languages are closer to each other than the Karluk languages (Baskakov suggested a common basis for Oguz, Kypchak and Karluk, but claimed the separation of the Karluk at the earliest stage). In a radical version of the concept proposed by A.V. Dybo , it is assumed that the Oguz family does not have a close relationship with the Kypchak and Karluk languages (in particular, in its version of the classification, the Khakass languages are more similar to the Karluk-Kypchak languages, including the Central-East, making up the so-called “central” branch ) (the author, however, it does not take into account, for example, the Crimean Tatar language ).
With this version of classification, the problem of inconsistent development of ğ> u in the Crimean dialect of the Karaite language, the average dialect of the Crimean Tatar and idioms close to it (Krymchak, Urumi) and the Lobnor dialect, traditionally classified as Uyghur, but having characteristics similar to the Kyrgyz one, is removed.
Karluk and Kypchak languages
In the variant A.V. Only the Nogai subgroup is present from the usual taxa. The reducibility into one subgroup of languages contrasted simultaneously between Nogai and Central-East - Polovtsian + Karluk (without Khalaj) is assumed by default, but not described.
Central Eastern Languages
The Central-Eastern group ( South Kyrgyz dialects , Kyrgyz, South Altai, Tubalar, North Altai languages) is given the role in a sense of the link between the Karluk-Kypchak and Khakass groups. There is an increase in Khakass and a decrease in Karluk-Kypchak signs with a gradual movement from west to east. The Kyrgyz language in one version of the classification is combined with the Uyghur, and the rest of the Central East with the Khakass. In another embodiment, the central-eastern are combined with the rest of the Karluk-Kypchak, as opposed to the Khakass. The North Altai can also be derived outside the Karluk-Kipchak as the second-time branch of the "central" Turkic taxa.
The Central-Eastern languages were combined with the Karluk and Kypchak languages as early as A.N. Samoilovich : Kyrgyz, South Altai and Tubalar (Samoilovich appears as Kumandinsky) with the Kypchak, and the rest of the Altai Mountains with the Karluks.
Alternative point of view
O.A. The wise man of Karluk-Kypchak unity does not recognize such a composition. He attributes the Central-Eastern languages to Siberian Turkic , combining with the Khakass, Sayan and Yakut, while the rest of the Kypchak and Karluk with Oguz. The Lower Chulym dialect, however, ranks among the dialects of the Siberian Tatar language. Ancient Turkic, Karakhanid and Khalajsky are attributed to Karluk [1] .
See also
- Macrooguz languages
- "Siberian" Turkic languages
- "Central" Turkic languages
Links
Literature
- A.N. Samoilovich. Turkic linguistics. Philology. Runic. M., 2005
- E.R. Tenishev (eds.). Comparative historical grammar of Turkic languages. Regional reconstruction. M., 2002
- E.R. Tenishev, A.V. Dybo (eds.). Comparative historical grammar of Turkic languages. Praturk language is the basis. A picture of the world of the Praturk ethnic group according to the language. M., 2006
- A.V. Dybo. Linguistic contacts of the early Turks. The lexical fund. Praturk period. M., 2007
- O. A. Mudrak. Classification of Turkic languages and dialects using glottochronology methods based on questions on morphology and historical phonetics. (Series "Orientalia and Classica". Vol. 23) M., Russian State Humanitarian University. 2009.