Landslides in Venezuela ( Spanish: Tragedia de Vargas , Desastre de Vargas, Deslaves de Vargas) - a natural disaster that occurred on the Caribbean coast of the country on December 15-17, 1999 . Most affected the coastal territories of Vargas state [1] . Landslides , floods and mudflows were the result of heavy rainfall. On December 14-16, 911 mm of precipitation fell on the Vargas coast, which resulted in a glut of water on the soil cover [2] . The shift of the upper soil layer of the mountains to the sea and densely populated coastal regions began.
| Landslides in Vargas State | |
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The landslides of 1999 became the most serious natural disaster that hit the country in the 20th century. The death toll ranged from 5 to 50 thousand people, thousands of people became refugees . Landslides destroyed universities, hotels, clubs, hospitals, highways and other facilities: the damage caused to the country's infrastructure reached 1.79 billion US dollars [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Wieczorek GF, Larsen MC, Eaton LS, Morgan BA, Blair JL. Debris-flow and flooding hazards associated with the December 1999 storm in coastal Venezuela and strategies for mitigation . US Geological Survey (December 2, 2002). Date of treatment March 31, 2010. Archived April 13, 2012.
- ↑ (Spanish) Genatios Carlos, Lafuente Marienela. Lluvias torrenciales en Vargas, Venezuela, en diciembre de 1999. Protección ambiental y recuperación urbana (Spanish) // Instituto de Materiales y Modelos Estructurales Universidad Central de Venezuela: diario. - 2003. - Noviembre ( v. 41 , n o 2–3 ). - P. 49-62 .
Literature
- Fernandez, Alfonso . Complaints and Ruins 10 Years after Vargas, Venezuela Flooding Tragedy , Latin American Herald Tribune . Date of treatment March 31, 2010.
- Flood toll climbing rapidly . BBC (December 20, 1999). Date of treatment March 31, 2010.
- An integrated approach for debris-flow risk mitigatin in the north coastal range of Venezuela (PDF). Institute of Fluids Mechanics, Universidad Central de Venezuela (2008). Date of treatment March 31, 2010.
- Perez, Francisco L. Matrix granulometry of catastrophic debris flows (December 1999) in central coastal Venezuela (English) // CATENA: journal. - 2001 .-- 3 September ( vol. 45 , no. 3 ). - P. 163-183 . - DOI : 10.1016 / S0341-8162 (01) 00149-7 .
- Victims tell of flood nightmare . BBC (December 20, 1999). Date of treatment March 31, 2010.
Links
- Photos of the aftermath
- Antonio Luis Cárdenas Colménter. Análisis del Fenómeno Ocurrido en el Litoral Venezolano en diciembre de 1999 .