Chandra vulgaris , marrubium or horse mint [2] '( lat. Marrubium vulgare ) - a genus of perennial , rarely annual plants of the family Lamiaceae .
| Chandra vulgaris | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Chandra vulgaris. The upper part of the plant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Marrubium vulgare L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Distribution and Ecology
It occurs throughout Europe , in North Africa , Western and Central Asia , Pakistan and western China [3] .
It grows on stony outcrops, like a weed in the fields along the roads.
Botanical Description
Stems 15–75 cm high, ascending from the base, simple or branched , whitish-felt, hairy in the lower part.
The lower and stem leaves are round-ovate, coarse-toothed, petiolate , wrinkled; apical ones - similar, but smaller, short-leaved, light green above, wrinkled, grayish below.
The flowers are collected in multicolor false whorls , dense, almost spherical; bracts awl-shaped, shorter than or equal to calyx tube; a cup with ten awl-shaped teeth, densely pubescent with serrated hairs; the corolla is white, with a cylindrical tube, short-haired, the upper lip is equal to the lower or slightly shorter than it, two-notched, the lower lip with a broad kidney-shaped middle lobe and small lateral lobes.
The fruit is ovoid, yellow-brown, spotted, shiny, finely tuberous nut .
It blooms in June - August. The fruits ripen in July - September.
Chemical Composition
The plant contains tannins and tarry substances , essential oil (up to 0.06%), bitter substances marrubin and marrubiin , mineral salts . Essential oil has a pleasant smell, the presence of azulene gives it a blue color.
The seeds contain 26.35% fatty oil .
Meaning and Application
The aerial part of the plant is suitable for use in the alcoholic beverage industry and brewing .
The healing properties of chandra vulgaris have been known since antiquity. Pharmacological tests found that plant preparations regulate cardiac activity (eliminate extrasystole ). Chandra vulgaris is included in the European Pharmacopoeia, British Herbal Pharmacopoeia and pharmacopoeias of other European countries [4] .
In folk medicine, the plant was used for bronchial asthma , whooping cough , and catarrh of the upper respiratory tract , as a means of increasing appetite , soothing , expectorant, antimalarial, choleretic, with heart weakness and arrhythmia , jaundice , malaria , urolithiasis [4] .
From the aerial part of the plant, you can get black paint.
Good honey plant , gives a highly sugared, transparent, very odorous and easily accessible to bees nectar . The honey is high-quality, fragrant. Honey productivity 50 kg / ha. Even an insignificant admixture of nectar from the flowers of the common shandra gives the honey a very delicate smell. In the North Caucasus, the nectar content of a single flower is from 0.15 to 0.55 mg per season, and some flowers can produce up to 1.5 mg [5] .
Classification
Species of Chandra vulgaris is a member of the genus Chandra ( Marrubium ) of the subfamily Lamiaceae of the family Lamiaceae of the order Lamiales .
| another 21 families (according to APG II System ) | 110-130 more births | |||||||||||||||
| the order is Lamia | subfamily | view of Chandra vulgaris | ||||||||||||||
| Department of Flowering, or Angiosperms | family Lamiaceae | clan Shandra | ||||||||||||||
| 44 more order flowering plants (according to APG II System ) | 7 more subfamilies (according to APG II System ) | another 700-900 species | ||||||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Great Encyclopedic Dictionary of Medicinal Plants, 2015, p. 272, p. 346
- ↑ According to the GRIN website (see plant card).
- ↑ 1 2 Big Encyclopedic Dictionary of Medicinal Plants, 2015, p. 605
- ↑ Abrikosov H.N. et al. Shandra // Dictionary of the beekeeper / Comp. Fedosov N.F .. - M .: Selkhozgiz, 1955. - P. 403.
Literature
- Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / started at hand. and under chap. ed. V. L. Komarova . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1954. - T. 20 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin , S.V. Yuzepchuk . - S. 235-236. - 556 p. - 2700 copies.
- Gubanov I.A. et al. 1099. Marrubium vulgare L. - Chandra vulgaris // Illustrated identifier of plants in Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. ISS., 2004. - T. 3. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dicotyledonous). - S. 132. - ISBN 5-87317-163-7 .