Tobolsk

Geographical position

Tobolsk is the main hub of the southern part of the north of the Tyumen region , the second largest city in this region, the administrative and economic center for three districts - Tobolsk, Vagai and Uvat (together with the Nizhnetavdinsky components of the northern group of regions of the south of the Tyumen region ). It is located in the southern taiga, almost near the border of the subtaiga subzone , at the confluence of two large rivers, the Tobol and the Irtysh , where the Irtysh current drastically changes its direction from sub latitudinal (from east to west) to submeridional (from south to north) - from the moment the foundations and until the middle of the 18th century, this placed the city in the center of the most important river arteries of Siberia . Later, with the gradual development of more favorable for agriculture Siberian territories and the growing importance of land transport modes, the city found itself on the northern periphery of a populated area, on the verge of a vast, marshy and underdeveloped region of the Middle and Lower Oblands (so-called Tobolsk, now Tyumen North ). With the beginning of the development of oil and gas fields of this territory, Tobolsk turned out to be one of the intermediate transport centers on the railroad and highway lines connecting Tyumen and the town of Priobye. Also in the area of ​​Tobolsk in the direction of European Russia a number of main oil and gas pipelines are passing.

Flora and fauna

In the environs of Tobolsk, vegetation cover is predominantly represented by birch plantations mixed with aspen. More elevated areas are covered with pine and cedar forests. Bushes and dwarf shrubs (rose hips, raspberries, currants, bird cherry trees, viburnum, mountain ash, alder, juniper and others) grow as undergrowths.

Quite diverse is grassy cover submitted strawberries, strawberries, cranberries, blueberries, bramble, murine peas, clovers, forest horsetail, ferns, moss, timothy grass, buttercup, bell, quack grass, Kentucky bluegrass, bentgrass, alfalfa, yarrow, sow thistle and Other willow, sedge, groundwort, willow, bluegrass, cane and others occupy mostly wetlands.

The fauna of the Tobolsk region is also quite diverse. Among mammals, predators are the most widely represented, such as wolf, fox, raccoon dog, marten, mink. Rodents are represented by beavers, muskrats, water rats, squirrels, gophers and mice.

From hoofed animals there are roes, wild boars, elks; from hares - white hare, from insectivores - ordinary hedgehog and shrew.

Of the birds, passerines are most fully represented; besides, coot, mallard, teal, gray duck, red-headed pikefish, gray goose, and others live here. Of the order of chickens, the black grouse is the most numerous, except for it there is a grouse, hazel grouse, partridge, and quail. From the order of lark-like in the area there are 23 species, birds of prey - 14, owls - 9.

The ichthyofauna of the Tobol and Irtysh rivers is mainly represented by a squad of carp - roach, bream, yaz, dace, and minnows. Of the other units - perch, perch, burbot, sterlet.

As a rule, only crucian lives in lakes due to their freezing in winter.

Climate

• The average annual temperature is + 0,9 ° C
• Average annual wind speed - 2.9 m / s
• Average annual air humidity - 75%

According to the official version, Tobolsk was founded in the summer of 1587, 17 km from the Tatar settlement of Siberia (Kashlyk, Isker) (the capital of the Siberian Khanate ), down the Irtysh and closer to the mouth of Tobol . According to the legend, Tobolsk was founded on the feast of the Holy Trinity not far from the place near which the soldiers of Yermak landed during the famous Battle of the Chuvash Cape , which decided to join the Siberian Khanate to Russia. The first city building was the Trinity Church, and the cape was named Trinity.

According to the official version, the governor of Tobolsk is considered the voivode Danila Chulkov . However, the voivode, according to the Esipovskaya chronicle, “... came to the Siberian land ... as for the Tatars, this Russian martyrs had a lot of coming, avoiding their hail, but it would be their first idea to be in Siberia in the Tatar capital of Tobol and Irtysh, otherwise called Siberia, left it is empty. Rustii voi came and harnessed in him and firmly established a hail, the same idea as the God-bestowed city of Tobolesk. ”That is, the Russian chronicler specifically says that the Tatars fled from numerous Russian soldiers from their capital city, Siberia, and now called Tobolsk. This is probably why up to the 18th century on geographical maps Tobolsk is sometimes referred to as “the city of Siberia”.

Tobolsk Ostrog became the second in Siberia ( Tyumen Ostrog , then performing transit and defense functions, was laid a year earlier). The symbolic act, which meant the transfer of power over Siberia from the old khan's capital to Tobolsk, was the capture of the last Siberian tsar Oraz-Mohammed by the voivod Chulkov in Tobolsk.

From 1590, Tobolsk became a discharge city and the center of Russian colonization of Siberia - the so-called “capital of Siberia”, which was officially secured by Peter’s reform in 1708 , when Tobolsk was appointed as the administrative center of Russia's largest Siberian province , which included the territory from Vyatka to Russian America .

Peter I, who was interested in Siberia, patronized the city, wanting to give the capital of Siberia a “representative appearance”. By decree in Tobolsk, the buildings of the Prikaznaya Chamber and Gostiny Dvor are being built. In 1711, the first Siberian governor, Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin, arrived in the city. During his construction in the city went much faster. Large-scale enterprises appeared in the city and its environs: State-owned factory, stationery and glass manufactories, leather processing, candle-making and heating factories. There was also a weapons factory. The greatest fame and wealth brought Tobolsk XVIII century. With the development of the mining industry through Tobolsk to Moscow, gold and silver began to be supplied to the mint, and sand gold appeared on the city market. The Siberian Route passed through the city, giving Tobolsk the importance of a shopping center. At his own expense Tobolsk contained two regiments - Moscow and St. Petersburg, later renamed the Yenisei and Tobolsk regiments , whose officers were the notorious Vasily Tatishchev and the “arap of Peter the Great” Ibrahim Hannibal .

In addition to performing important administrative functions, Tobolsk made a feasible contribution to the development of national culture. Thus, news of the first theatrical performances in the city dates back to 1705 , when Peter I only intended to restore the theater in the capital. And the building of Tobolsk Drama Theater built in 1899 (burned down in 1990 ) was even considered an architectural masterpiece as the only wooden theater building in the USSR. In 1743 a theological seminary was opened in Tobolsk. In 1789, one of the first in the province appeared in Tobolsk and the first literary magazine in Siberia - “ Irtysh, turning into Hippocrene ”. And the Tobolsk male gymnasium founded in 1810 became the first in Siberia (the next one, Tomskaya, was opened 28 years later).

The famous “Siberian exile” also began from Tobolsk. The first exile was the Uglich bell , which raised the people to revolt after the mysterious death of Tsarevich Dmitry , the younger son of Ivan the Terrible and the only legitimate heir of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich . The Uglich bell returned from Tobolsk exile only in the 19th century .

In 1616, the failed royal wife Maria Khlopova was exiled to Tobolsk.

From the second decade of the 18th century, Tobolsk became the seat of prisoners of war of Swedish soldiers and officers . The Swedes took an active part in stone construction, made a significant contribution to the cultural life of the city of that period. In their honor, one of the buildings of the Tobolsk Kremlin - Renterei has the second name "Swedish Chamber" ^[4] .

For the next generation of exiles, Tobolsk was already a transit point from which Siberia began for them. The Tobolsk penal servitude prison, through which Fyodor Dostoevsky , Vladimir Korolenko and other famous people, proceeded to the notorious fame.

The fate of many Siberian pioneering cities depended on the transfer of roads. The gradual decline of Tobolsk is associated with a whole complex of factors, the main of which is the transfer of the Siberian highway and the construction of a railway south of Tobolsk, from Tyumen to Omsk. The reason for the transfer was the change in the nature of the development of Siberia, the shift of the population and economic life to the south, to the forest-steppe ^[5] . The railway to Tobolsk and further to Surgut was built only in 1967 ^[6] .

In the 20th century, the city ​​became known as the administrative center of Gregory Rasputin’s native province, the place of exile (from August 13, 1917 to April 13, 1918 ) of the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family, as well as one of the centers of the largest national rally in Russian history the Bolsheviks - the peasant uprising in Siberia 1921-1922 .

Today, the prospects of the city associated with the development of tourism and industry. ^[7]

In 1994, by the decision of the Holy Synod, Tobolsk, along with Moscow and St. Petersburg, was proclaimed one of the main spiritual centers of Russia ^{[8] [9]} . The city is an important educational center of the Russian Orthodox Church - the seat of the largest Tobolsk Theological Seminary in Siberia. The issue of the establishment of a Theological Orthodox Academy in Tobolsk ^[10] is being resolved, and the possibility of expanding the Tobolsk Metropolis ^{[11] is} also being considered.

Tobolsk with its architecture and natural landscapes has long become the most important tourist center of Siberia. The combination of numerous architectural, museum, archaeological, confessional and memorial routes with a rest on the Irtysh River, in country camps and recreation centers, sports and cultural centers attract the children, youth and adult tourists. The development of Tobolsk as a tourist center is very important, because as part of this regional program, restoration works of architectural monuments have become widespread in Tobolsk. Almost restored Tobolsk Kremlin. Much has been done in the Znamensky and John the Vvedensky monasteries. Work on the creation of the drainage system of the lower tenements of the city. But still, a significant part of architectural monuments still remains in unsatisfactory condition and requires urgent restoration.

In recent years, the Tobolsk Petrochemical Combine has received further development, new process plants are being built, and new product pipelines are being commissioned, which will provide Tobolsk with the necessary supplies of raw materials for the long term ^[12] . In 2013, the largest in Russia polypropylene production Tobolsk-Polymer was built and put into operation. The state program for the creation of a gas chemical complex in Tobolsk (one of the largest in the world) ^{[13] is being} transferred to the practical plane. For this, a multiple increase in the population of the city is necessary, since already in the city there is a shortage of qualified specialists. This problem is solved by housing construction. In this regard, today Tobolsk is one large construction site.

The city of Tobolsk on July 10, 1987 was awarded the Order “Badge of Honor” by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR

Status History

From 1587 the foundation of the city by the written head of Danila Chulkov.

From 1590 - the center of the Tobolsk category (included all cities of Siberia until 1629, until 1708 it covered mainly the cities of Western Siberia).

Since 1596 - the place of storage of the Great Sovereign. Tobolsk governors, formally being bit voivods only for the majority of West Siberian cities, solved a wide range of general Siberian issues and enjoyed particular prestige among the governor of Siberian cities.

In 1708 (1712) -1764 - the center of the Siberian province (including until 1727 the province included the Vyatka and Solikamsk provinces).

In 1764, the Irkutsk Province was allocated, and Tobolsk in 1764-1782. - The center of the province (in different versions of the Siberian or Tobolsk) as part of the Yenisei and Tobolsk provinces .

In 1782, the Kolyvanskoe (main specimen. Altai plants) and Perm (the Yekaterinburg mining district and Verkhoturye district) departed from the Siberian governorate, the governorship, the city - the center of the Tobolsk governorship (from 1797 - the Tobolsk governorate ), which included the territory of Western and Eastern Siberia.

In 1804, Tomsk Province was allocated, and Tobolsk Province acquired borders close to the current borders of the Tyumen Region .

In the years 1822-1838 - the center of the West Siberian governorship.

From April 5, 1918 to November 3, 1923 - the district city of the Tyumen province . In the period of the Provisional Siberian Government of Kolchak from the summer of 1918 to August 1919 - the provincial city again.

From November 3, 1923 to January 7, 1932 - the center of the Tobolsk District of the Ural Region (included the territories of the entire Middle and Lower Obs).

From December 10, 1935 to August 14, 1944 - the center of the Tobolsk District of the Omsk Region within the Tobolsk, Yarkovsky, Vagaysky, Dubrovinsky and Uvatsky Districts.

From November 3, 1923 - the center of Tobolsk District as part of the specified districts or simply as part of the Ob-Irtysh and Tyumen regions.

Since August 14, 1944 - the city of regional importance.

On June 18, 1959, the working settlement of Sumkino was included in the administrative subordination of the Tobolsk City Council.

November 12, 1979 - in adm. subordination of Tobolsk city council included r. n. Irtyshsky and r. n. Mendeleevo .

Since 2005 - the municipal formation of the city ​​of Tobolsk , seat of the administration of the Tobolsk municipal district.

The city within the framework of local self-government together with the village of Sumkino forms a municipal formation the city ​​of Tobolsk with the status of a city ​​district .

The structure of local governments of the city of Tobolsk is ^[14] :

• Tobolsk City Council is a representative body of the city of Tobolsk.
• The head of the city is the head of the municipal formation of the urban district of Tobolsk, the highest official of the city of Tobolsk.
• The administration of the city of Tobolsk is the executive and administrative body of the city of Tobolsk.
• The control and accounting chamber of the city of Tobolsk is the body of external municipal financial control.

Geographically, the city is divided into three main parts:

• Nagornaya - with the historical center (the Kremlin) and modern residential neighborhoods;
• Lower Posad - pre-revolutionary buildings and the private sector;
• The industrial zone is 10 km away from residential areas.

Among other things, the city includes three remote microdistricts assigned to enterprises:

• Mendeleevo - railway station;
• Rechport - river port.

In Sumkino is a shipyard.

As of January 1, 2018, in terms of population, the city ranked 173 out of 1,113 ^[51] cities of the Russian Federation ^[52] .

Characteristic of the population

The population of the city on January 1, 2019 was 98,857 inhabitants ^[2] . Parameters as of January 1, 2011 ^[53] . From the number of inhabitants: 45.5% - men, 54.5% - women. The average age of the city’s population is 35 years.

Population composition:

• from 0-9 years old - 11.7%
• from 10-19 years old - 12.1%
• from 20-29 years old - 19.9%
• from 30-39 years old - 13.8%
• from 40-49 years old - 15.8%
• from 50-59 years - 15.7%
• from 60-69 years old - 5.5%
• from 70 years old and older - 5.5%

66.8% of the townspeople are at working age, 18.0% younger than the able-bodied, 15.2% are older than the able-bodied. The most numerous age group is residents aged 20-29 years (19.9% ​​of city residents), generation 40-49 years old (15.8%), 50-59 years old (15.7%).

Ethnic structure

Parameters as of January 1, 2016 ^[54] :

• Russians - 73.3%
• Tatars - 16.6%
• Ukrainians - 1.8%
• Bashkirs - 0.4%
• Belarusians - 0.4%
• Germans - 0.4%
• Azerbaijanis - 0.8%
• Armenians - 0.3%
• Chechens - 0.07%
• Georgians - 0.03%
• Ingush - 0.01%
• other nationalities - 1.8%
• not specified - 4.09%

Quality of life of the population

Parameters as of January 1, 2019 ^[55] :

• The average salary in the city (for large and medium-sized enterprises) for January – December 2018 (including top managers) was 59,870 rubles.
• Registered unemployed - 225 people.
• The number of systematically engaged in physical culture and sports - 11,126 people.

• The actual execution of the budget revenues for 2018 amounted to 14,673 million rubles.
• The volume of investments in fixed assets of organizations (excluding small businesses) in 2017 amounted to 120.6 billion rubles.

Industry ^[7]

Tobolsk is the country's largest industrial center in the field of processing of liquefied hydrocarbon gases, as well as the production of polymers and monomers.

The largest gas and petrochemical company of Russia Sibur Holding is registered in the city ^[56]

The volume of shipped goods of own production, work performed and services on its own (without small businesses) for 2018 amounted to 550.9 billion rubles.

The average nominal wage in the city (for large and medium-sized enterprises) for 2018 was 59,870 rubles.

Large enterprises :

Petrochemical enterprises :

• Tobolsk Petrochemical Plant

In 2014, Sibur began construction of the ZapSibNeftekhim combine in Tobolsk. Start of launch is scheduled for 2019.

This is the largest petrochemical project in Russia since 1991. The plant will become the largest petrochemical enterprise in Russia. ^{[58] [59]} .

Enterprises of the fuel and energy complex :

• Tobolsk CHP (included in a single industrial complex of the Tobolsk petrochemical plant).
• Tobolsk Territorial Production Division of Tyumenenergo - provides electricity supply in Tobolsk, Vagai and Uvat districts of the Tyumen region;
• Zapsibtransgaz - on the system of its own pipelines provides raw materials ( NGL ) Tobolsk NHC. The capacity of the enterprise’s transport system in the Tobolsk area is up to 8 million tons per year. ^[60]
• Tobolsk Management of Main Oil Pipelines - operates 5 main oil pipelines, the total length of which in single-line terms is more than 1600 km.
• Tobolsk linear production management of gas pipelines .

Mechanical engineering and metalworking There are enterprises for the assembly and repair of river vessels, as well as the production of pipes and other hardware.

Woodworking A number of enterprises are engaged in the harvesting and processing of wood, as well as the manufacture of furniture.

Food Industry The food industry employs 38 enterprises that produce almost the entire list of food products.

Art craft

• The Tobolsk factory of bone carving products is the only enterprise in the country that produces unique products - products of the bone carving industry. The works of the Tobolsk bone carvers are kept in the State Russian Museum, the State Hermitage Museum and other major museums of the country ^[61] .
• Art and restoration workshops - The building of the Provincial Judicial Board.
• School of iconography at the Theological Seminary.

Construction and production of building materials:

The city has two large concrete products plants, a brick factory, etc.

At the end of 2018, the total area of ​​new buildings commissioned was 54.3 thousand square meters. Of these, 20.3 thousand square meters are individual residential buildings.

Since 2013, after the purchase of special equipment in the city, predominantly 16- storey residential buildings are being built ^[62] .

Liquidated over the post-Soviet period, large enterprises

Biofactory, carpet factory, woodworking plant, animal farm, winery, brewery, meat processing plant, gorpishekombinat, promkombinat.

Trade and Services

As of 01/01/2019, there were 489 retail trade objects with a trade area of ​​143.5 thousand m2, 158 catering facilities with a number of seats - 10287.

Transportation

  Automobile transport Through the city passes the federal automobile route R404 Tyumen - Khanty-Mansiysk.

In addition, the following regional roads are located in Tobolsk:

• Tobolsk - Ishim (with access to Kazakhstan );
• Tobolsk - Inzhura (with access to Omsk );
• Tobolsk - Upper Haimzyany (passes through the industrial zone);
• Tobolsk - Setovo (with access to the south of the Tyumen region).

The city is connected by regular bus flights to Tyumen , Kurgan , Chelyabinsk , Khanty-Mansiysk , Petropavlovsk (Kazakhstan) and other cities.

  City transport is represented by buses and minibuses. Currently, the length of the route network of the city is 376.75 km. The route network includes 23 urban municipal routes and 4 suburban routes.

In 2018, 14,671 thousand people were transported in Tobolsk.

  Railway transport Within the city there are two railway stations Tobolsk and Denisovka (industrial), located on the distance of the Sverdlovsk Railway (RZD). About 20-30 passenger trains pass through the passenger station of Tobolsk per day. The railway to Tobolsk was laid in 1967 with the start of construction of the Petrochemical Combine ^[6] . The first working train went through it on October 26 at 12 noon.

  River port. The port is a major transit point of Siberia by northern cargo, which are first delivered by rail to Tobolsk, and then transported higher by water. For navigation, the company transports an average of 2.8 million tons of cargo, unloading more than 36 thousand wagons ^[63] .

  Air transport Currently, the nearest passenger airport is in Tyumen, 270 km from Tobolsk. Earlier, the city had a local airport, from where flights to Omsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Salekhard, Tyumen were operated.

In the autumn of 2018, a decision was made to build a full-fledged airport in Tobolsk. The design and estimate documentation for the future airport is being developed. The investor is the company Sibur . According to preliminary estimates, the cost of construction of the object will be 15 billion rubles. In aerogavani there will be a runway for receiving modern aircraft. Its length will be 2.7 kilometers. The active phase of construction (construction of runways) began in February 2019 ^[64] .

Tourism

In the city, the role of tourism is increasing. In 2018, 389,451 people visited the city, including 7,914 foreigners. ^[7] The role of the so-called “event tourism” (for example: the festival of historical reconstruction “Abalak field” near the Abalak monastery ) and “Business tourism” (MICE services) is growing. Also recently, the state has been actively allocating funds for the development of tourism infrastructure and the restoration of architectural monuments. Large and small hotels (including the Slavyanskaya, Georgiyevskaya, Gostiny Dvor, Sibir, Neftekhimik, Tourist, Novyi Tobol hotels, etc.) and the Abalak tourist complex work in the city. .

The main sources of air pollution in the city are enterprises of the fuel, energy, oil industry, boilers, utilities and vehicles. Considering that the main industrial enterprises were built relatively recently using the most modern technologies, one of the largest sources of negative impact on the air environment is road transport.

The main environmental problem of the city is associated with the disposal of garbage. The current state of the landfill site is far from ideal and resembles, rather, the most real landfill on an area of ​​over 28 hectares, put into operation in 1984 and practically did not know reconstruction. In this regard, talks about the construction of a large waste sorting plant in the vicinity of Tobolsk have been going on since 2005. Currently, the construction of the plant is underway in Tobolsk. The capacity of the plant will be 40 thousand tons of municipal solid waste per year. When choosing a sorting technology, priority is given to those that are aimed at obtaining the final product (recycled materials) available for use in other technological processes as a feedstock ^[64] .

Culture of Tobolsk is represented by the following objects of culture and art:

• Tobolsk State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve ^{[65] [66],.} The museum-reserve includes 33 objects of federal and regional significance (museums, exhibition halls, architectural monuments, etc.).
  • In April 2018, a new branch of the museum-reserve was opened in the former Governor’s House — Russia's first state museum entirely dedicated to the family of Emperor Nicholas II ^{[67] [68]} .
• The Museum of the Factory of art bone carving products is the only enterprise in Russia of a similar profile. Opened in April 2019. The bright exposition of the museum presents materials on the formation and development of bone-carving and the work of famous masters ^[69] .
• Tobolsk State Drama Theater named after P. P. Ershov , founded in 1705 ^[70] . The theater troupe has two stages: the main one (with opportunities for chamber productions) and universal for experimental performances. The total area of ​​the theater complex is more than 3 thousand m² ^[71] .
• Free Youth Theater - Youth Theater;
• Choir of the seminary . One of the best choirs of Russia, repeatedly speaking at the Moscow Cathedral of Christ the Savior. You can listen to the choir in the auditorium of the main building of a theological seminary or in the Sofia-Uspensky Cathedral ^[72] .
• Academic Municipal Choir Controversy (director. EL Kuznetsky) ^[73] . Choir Controversy is the winner of various regional, Russian and international competitions ^[74] . The choir performs both classical and spiritual music. Choir concerts are regularly held in Tobolsk.

Concert halls:

• The Center for Arts and Culture is the main concert venue of the city;
• DC "Rechnik" - mainly local bands and stars of the 90s;
• Summer Amphitheater in Ermak Garden (built in 2013). The scenery of this unique film and concert venue is an open view of the lower suburb of the city;
• Organ Hall (Catholic).

In addition, the city has:

• Tourist complex " Abalak " - the venue of the festival "Abalak field"
• Center of Siberian-Tatar culture.

Cinema halls are located in the “Pearl of Siberia” and “RIO” shopping centers.

Reflection of the city in art

• One of the episodes of the famous American film “ Great Races ” is dedicated to travelers visiting the “wild” view of Tobolsk Americans during the polar night (although Tobolsk is not in the Arctic Circle). However, in the Soviet box office this scene was cut out for censorship.
• In Tobolsk, the action of the film " Marble House " directed by Boris Grigoriev .
• In Tobolsk, filmed the action film " Urgently ... Secret ... Gubchek " directed by Alexander Kosarev .
• In Tobolsk, filmed the movie " Golden Woman ".
• Aleksey Balabanov ’s film “ War ” was shot in Tobolsk, where Aleksey Chadov’s film debut took place and Sergey Bodrov Jr. played one of his last roles.
• In the opening shots of the film "The Heirs," directed by Konstantin Odegov, the Tobolsk Kremlin is shown in close-up.
• The film “I promised, I will leave ...” was shot in Tobolsk (directed by Valery Akhadov ), where Elena Korikova starred.
• The city and the campaign of the 2nd Pacific Squadron during the war with Japan in 1904 are devoted to Oleg Mityaev ’s song “ Alien War ”.
• Tobolsk, as a place of reference of the family of Nicholas II , is mentioned in the song of Maxim Troshin “ Everything is now against us ”.
• The Tobolsk Symphony ( 1971 ) by the Novosibirsk composer A.F. Murov is dedicated to the city.
• The events of the poem “Meeting in Tobolsk” by S. D. Davydov unfold in the city.
• A number of poems by L. N. Martynov , the Tobolsk chronicler ( 1937 ) and others, take place in the city.
• A photograph of the Tobolsk Kremlin, made by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev during a visit to Tobolsk, was sold at a charity auction in St. Petersburg for RUB 51 million ^[75] .
• The main character of the novel “Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe” has been waiting for the winter in Tobolsk for 8 months.
• The capture in Tobolsk of Tsarevich Uraz-Muhammad and Kadir Ali-bey is reflected in the novel “Spring Snows” ( 1990 ) by the Kazakh writer Mukhtar Magauin .
• The hero of Bram Stoker’s Dracula , Quincy Morris, when it comes to the plan to capture the count in Varna, recalls how he and Arthur Holmwood (Lord Godalming) were chased by a pack of wolves near Tobolsk.

Famous artists born in Tobolsk : Lidia Smirnova , Alexander Abdulov , Elena Korikova .

Healthcare

Medical assistance to the population of the city is provided by municipal institutions:

State Regional Budgetary Health Institution «Regional Hospital № 3» (consisting of a hospital, city clinic, perinatal center, emergency medical care);

Federal Tobolsk Hospital of the Federal State Institution ZSMTs of Roszdrav;

Tobolsk branch of the Oblast TB Dispensary;

Tobolsk branch GBUZ TH "Regional Dermatovenerologic Dispensary";

Tobolsk branch of the State Healthcare Institution, Tyumen Regional Psychiatric Hospital;

Tobolsk branch GBUZ TO Center for Restorative Medicine and Rehabilitation for Children with Neuropsychiatric Pathology "Hope";

Tobolsk branch GBUZ TH "Regional blood transfusion station";

MAUZ "City Dental Clinic";

As well as a number of non-state institutions, including 5 private dental clinics.

Education

In 2017, educational activities were carried out by 24 educational organizations: 7 pre-school educational institutions; 17 secondary schools (of which 6 institutions have a structural unit " Kindergarten "); 1 evening (shift) school; 1 special (correctional) school. In the 2016/2017 academic year, 1,359 people worked in the education system of the city, of which 566 teachers in pre-school educational institutions and 793 teachers in secondary schools. Pre-school education covered 8,589 children aged 1.5 to 7 years. Provision of places in kindergartens - 86.9%. The number of students in the general educational institutions of the city in the same year was 14,116. There were 13,235 people in day secondary schools, 462 in evening schools, 175 in correctional boarding schools, and 244 in non-state educational institutions ^[76] .

Secondary general education is represented by a number of general education and specialized schools: secondary general education schools No. 1-9, 11-18, 20, secondary school No. 19 (VIII type), Gymnasium named after N.D. Litsman, Lyceum, Center ODO "Education", Tobolsk, Center for the promotion of family arrangements for orphans, children left without parental care and support for foster families in Tobolsk ^[77] .

Secondary vocational education is provided by 4 educational institutions: Tobolsk Medical College named after Volodya Soldatov ^[78] , Tobolsk Multidisciplinary Technical School (including the Department of Arts and Culture named after AA Alyabyev ) ^{[79] [80]} , Tobolsk Fish Industrial Technical School ^[81] , Tobolsk Pedagogical Institute. DI. Mendeleev (faculty of secondary vocational education) ^[82] .

Higher education is provided by 3 educational institutions: Tobolsk Theological Seminary ^[83] , Tobolsk Industrial Institute ^[84] , Tobolsk Pedagogical Institute. DI. Mendeleev ^[85] .

State Archives

One of the oldest and most significant documents in terms of quantity and value is archive in Russia. Included in the structure of the archival service of the Ural Federal Region. The administrative position of Tobolsk, the former in the XVIII — XIX centuries. the capital of the vast territory of Siberia has influenced the formation of the archive documents. It concentrates the funds of provincial institutions, which reflect all aspects of the economy, social development and life of Siberia. Archive funds contain documentary materials on the management of the province, trade and fairs in Siberia, general descriptions and statistical data on factories and plants, on the yield of bread and herbs, on methods of fishing for animals and poultry, on handicrafts of the population, on animal husbandry, butter, prices. on goods, as well as census sheets of the first All-Russian census of 1897. The earliest documents date from the first half of the 18th century. Of these, the Tobolsk Theological Consistory is the most interesting in its content - on the missionary work of churches, monasteries, missionary camps, on the fight against schism and religious cults of the northern peoples ^[86] .

Tobolsk is the Orthodox center of the Tyumen region . In the Tobolsk Kremlin , on the Red Square, there is the diocesan administration of the Tobolsk-Tyumen diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church . Churches and cathedrals of the Russian Orthodox Church in Tobolsk are included in the Tobolsk bounty.

In Tobolsk is the Church of the Most Holy Trinity of the Roman Catholic Church .

The Muslim community of the city owns two large mosques: the old Tobolsk mosque (it is located in the piedmont part of the city, in the former Tatar-Bukhara suburb ^[87] ) and the new solemnly opened in 2014 in modern city microdistricts ^[88] . Also, the community operates madrasas ^[89] . In total, 16 large and small mosques operate in Tobolsk District.

The Church of Evangelical Christians Word of Life also operates in Tobolsk ^{[90] [91]}

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  Temple of the Archangel Michael (1745)

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  Church of Zechariah and Elizabeth (1776)

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  Catholic church of the Holy Trinity Roman Catholic Church (Organ Hall) (1900)

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  Tobolsk Mosque (end of the 19th century)

The main sports core of the city is the multisport stadium "Tobol" , designed to accept competitions of the regional and regional level in football, athletics, ski racing. Stadium stands are designed for 3402 individual places. Also on the territory of the stadium there is a ski-roller track, a small football field, a streetball court, and a tennis court. In 2012, the stadium opened a new indoor sports complex, which includes: an arena for intracity and regional competitions (mini-football, volleyball, etc.) with stands for 250 seats and balconies capable of receiving up to 300 spectators; small sports halls; hotel for athletes, etc.

In addition to the stadium in the city there are a number of sports complexes:

• - DS "Crystal" (hockey, figure skating)
• - SK "Leader" (martial arts, table tennis, sport dancing)
• - SK "Enthusiast" (boxing)
• - SK "Irtysh" (weightlifting, mini-football, chess, fitness aerobics, volleyball, mixed martial arts)
• - SK "Central" (basketball, volleyball)
• - SK "Olymp" (boxing, weightlifting, martial arts)
• - SK "Youth" (swimming pool, table tennis, basketball, fitness, gym)
• - FOK "Tigrenok" (martial arts, swimming pool)

Football is represented by amateur football club "Tobol" , a participant and multiple winner of the competitions of the Third Division of the " Ural and Western Siberia " zone. In 2012, Tobol won the 2011/12 Championship in its zone of the Third Division, and for the first time in history reached the SFFUR Cup final among the clubs of the Third Division.

Basketball club "Neftekhimik" is a regular participant in competitions in the Highest League of the Championship of Russia. Home matches are held on the floor of SK "Central" (350 seats).

The Angel of Siberia hockey club is based at the Kristall Palace of Sports. In addition to the adult team (multiple winner and prize-winner of the Hockey Region Championship), young hockey players of different ages are making great strides. In recent years, there are plans for the bid of the Angel of Siberia HC to the All-Russian competitions (1st league of the RHL), while the team plays in the championship of the region and the All-Russian Student League (zone "Ural")

The city has a ski resort “Alemasova”, on the slopes of which regional competitions of skiers and snowboarders take place.

Television

Digital TV

• 52 TVK - 1 multiplex

1. First channel
2. Russia 1
3. Match tv
4. NTV
5. Channel Five
6. Russia K
7. Russia 24
8. Carousel
9. OTR
10. TV Center

Radio Russia , Vesti FM and Radio Mayak

• 32 TVK - 2 multiplex

1. Ren TV
2. Saved
3. STS
4. Home
5. TV3
6. Friday
7. Star
8. World
9. TNT
10. Muz TV

Analog TV

• 2 TVK - TNT
• 7 TVK - STS / Rook
• 10 TVK - Channel One
• 12 TCEs - Russia 1 / Region-Tyumen GTRK
• 27 TVK - Ugra
• 29 TVK - Channel Five
• 35 TVK - CTC Love ^{[92] [93]}
• 37 TVK - Tyumen time
• 41 TCE - NTV
• 49 TVK - TV Center

There are several advertising agencies in the city. The Tobolsk TV Tower was designed by Nikolay V. Tobolyak Nikitin , architect of the Ostankino TV tower ^[94] .

Radio stations

• 71.9 VHF - Radio of Russia
• 95.2 FM - Radio Dacha
• 96.6 FM - Humor FM
• 97.8 FM - DFM
• 98.3 FM - Radio Vera
• 98.7 FM - Radio City
• 99.1 FM - Our Radio
• 99.5 FM - Retro FM
• 100.0 FM - Russian Radio
• 100.5 FM - Autoradio
• 101.0 FM - Radio Chanson
• 101.5 FM - Europe Plus
• 102.4 FM - Love Radio
• 104.2 FM - Radio Record
• 105.7 FM - News FM
• 106.2 FM - Radio 7 ( Tyumen )
• 107.1 FM - Tatar Radios
• 107.9 FM - Road Radio

Press

Newspapers are published in Tobolsk: “Tobolskaya Pravda” (from April 21, 1918), “Soviet Siberia” (from April 20, 1962), “Tobolsk-Assistance”, “Dyuzhina” (from 1996), and others.

Mobile communication

• Beeline
• Megaphone
• Mts
• Tele2 Russia (formerly Utel , Rostelecom )
• Yota

Internet

• Mts
• Rostelecom (formerly Utel )
• TTK
• LLC "TECHNO"

The main attraction of the city of Tobolsk Kremlin - the only stone Kremlin in Siberia. It is often called the pearl of Siberia. The Kremlin is located on the top of the Trinity Cape. The objects of the Kremlin ( Renterei , the palace of the governor, the guest yard, etc.) are of great importance in the history of the development of the whole Siberian region. A special place in the Kremlin is occupied by the Sofia-Assumption Cathedral - the oldest stone structure in Siberia. The cathedral was built in 1686 by the type of cross-domed temples. The prototype of the St. Sophia Cathedral was the Ascension Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Currently, the Cathedral is the administrative center of the pilgrimage of the Tobolsk-Tyumen diocese .

The most important from the point of view of religion, history and architecture are the existing monasteries of Tobolsk Znamensky and John the Vvedensky , the first is the oldest monastery in Siberia.

The recently renovated Prison Castle was built in 1838 and served as a transfer and detention camp. Such famous people as F. Dostoevsky , N. Chernyshevsky , M. Petrashevsky , V. Korolenko , A. Solzhenitsyn and others visited the castle.

In the old Zavalny cemetery of the city ​​many interesting graves have been preserved. The writer P. P. Ershov , the poet D. Davydov, the wife of the writer A. Radishchev - Elizaveta Rubanovskaya, the Decembrists V. Kuchelbecker , A. Muravyov , F. Wolf , F. Bashmakov , the relatives of the chemist D. I. Mendeleev and others are buried here.

Among other things, the city has well-preserved buildings in which the great Chemist, DI Mendeleev , studied and lived, and the last emperor of Russia, Nikolai II , was serving his exile.

Tobolsk has many monuments and sculptures, including: a monument to F. M. Dostoevsky , a monument to A. A. Dunin-Gorkavich , a monument to P. P. Ershov , a monument to the wives of the Decembrists , a monument to Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev . In 2017, a monument to Alexander Alyabyev, a Moscow sculptor Sergei Milchenko, was erected in the city ^[95] .

Heritage sites

Federal

In Tobolsk, there are 36 federal cultural heritage sites (including lost ones), not counting the facilities in the complexes. The most important of them are:

• Tobolsk Kremlin - the only stone Kremlin in Siberia
• Prison lock
• Temple of the Archangel Michael (Michael the Archangel Church)
• Church of the Seven Youths of Ephesus
• Peter and Paul Church (Tobolsk) | Peter and Paul Church
• Church of St. Andrew the First-Called (St. Andrew’s Church)
• The graves of the Decembrists remained in the old Zavalny cemetery: S. G. Krasnokutsky , A. P. Baryatinsky , V. K. Kuchelbecker , S. M. Semenov, A. M. Muravyov , F. B. Wolf, F. M. Bashmakov. As well as the graves of other famous people: P. P. Ershov , P. A. Slovtsov, P. A. Grabovsky .
• the house of the governor-general, in which he lived during his exile to Siberia, Nicholas II with the family abdicated ^[96] .
• Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin (Tobolsk) | Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin (Destroyed)
• Savior Church

Regional

• John the Vvedensky Monastery ;
• Znamensky Monastery ;
• Abalak Znamensky Monastery ;
• Tobolsk State Museum-Reserve with a center ;
• Catholic Church of the Most Holy Trinity ;
• Wooden carved theater - People's audience (burned down in 1990 ).
• Holy Cross Church
• Zechariah and Elizabeth Church
• Paraskeva Friday Church
• Trinity Cathedral (Tobolsk) | Trinity Cathedral (Dismantled)
• Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (Tobolsk) | Nikolskaya Church
• Epiphany Church (now destroyed)
• Tobolsk Mosque
• Lutheran Church (destroyed in 1967.)
• Monument to P. P. Ershov
• Monument to F. M. Dostoevsky

Specially Protected Natural Areas

Regional monuments of nature :

• Panin Hillock (468 hectares)
• The surroundings of the holiday house "Tobolsky" (196 hectares)
• Kiselevskaya Mountain with the Chuvash Cape (93 hectares)

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  Obelisk dedicated to Yermak

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  Monument at the grave of P. P. Ershov

•   Council Bluffs , United States
•   Pec , Serbia
•   Mogilyov , Belarus ^[97]
•   Saky , Ukraine

• The book of the abbot J. Chappe d'Otrosch “Journey to Siberia by order of the king in 1761; containing a report on the customs and traditions of Russians, the state affairs of this state; geographical description and leveling of the road from Paris to Tobolsk, astronomical observations and experiments with natural electricity ”became the reason for Catherine II to write“ Antidote ”.
• In Tobolsk, for the first time Abulgazi and Chronicles of Lithuania and Zhmoitsky were discovered.
• The romance “ Evening Bells ” was written by composer A. A. Alyabyev while serving the exile in his hometown.
• Tobolsk streets and lanes are available in the cities of Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Rostov-on-Don, Vladivostok, etc.), Ukraine (Kiev, Kharkov), Belarus (Minsk) and Kazakhstan (Atyrau).
• Tobolsk is one of the most frequently visited by the Presidents of Russia city: V.V. Putin on March 6, 2003 ^[98] . and October 15, 2013 ^[99] ., D. A. Medvedev March 27, 2008 (State Council Presidium) ^[100]