Bombardier ( German: Bombardier ), Bonbandir , Pevchiy - the rank in artillery , was established in 1682 for the gunners of the "amusing" troops of Peter I Alekseevich , who served in the bombing company created by him, where the sovereign himself bore the rank of captain [1] .
Content
History
In 1505, the Bombardier Congregation existed in Venice [2]
Since the end of the 18th century, the scorer is an ordinary artilleryman who served with the “scorer” guns ( mortars , howitzers , unicorns ) [3] .
Later (until 1917), the scorer (as well as the gunner - gunner , the bombardier- laboratory assistant and the scorer -observer) - the lower rank of artillery units of the Russian Imperial Army with high qualifications (corresponded to corporal in the infantry [3] ). The duties of the scorer included “ starting bombs, preparing tubes and other firearms for them. shells, in spite of these things, which are used by laboratory specialists ” [1] .
In regimental artillery in each platoon, one of the scorers was appointed platoon . The platoon scorer received weapons, equipment , breech and own belongings from the lower ranks , who had left the platoon for whatever reasons, and handed over to the captenarmus , except for horse equipment and accessories for cleaning horses, transferred to the hands of those designated to remove the departed horses. The platoon scorer was also exempted from service orders, except for duty on the battery and stable [1] .
The bombers were appointed for exemplary behavior and good knowledge of the service, also for this the lower ranks should have: for the first rank - a thorough knowledge of laboratory matters, for the latter - with sharp vision, smartness and quickness [1] .
The scorer received an increased salary and an external difference in the form of braid - in the yellow guard , in the white army - across the shoulder strap ; among the scorers- gunners - a narrow golden gown sewn lengthwise, in the middle of shoulder straps [1] .
Before the revolutions, the rank of “scorer” was assigned in artillery to the best soldiers - gunners , and he was equated with the corporal .
Bombardier of the Guards foot artillery (summer uniform; left) and ranger of the 14th Jäger Regiment (winter uniform).
Pirate K.K. Bombardier and trumpeter of the Life Guards of the Don Cossack Horse Artillery Battery . 1855 year. [four]
Bombardier Krovyakov Egor Klimovich, with a trampoline of an artilleryman of the Russian army, 1914 - 1917.
Prussian army scorer .
See also
- Bombard
- Bombardier company
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Bombardiers // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- ↑ Artillery of Europe in 1505-1515. Part I
- ↑ 1 2 Bombardier // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Fig. 120. Bombardier and trumpeter of the Life Guard of the Don Cossack Horse Artillery Battery. (In full and ordinary form) March 18, 1855. // Changes in the uniform and armament of the troops of the Russian Imperial Army from the accession to the throne of the Sovereign Emperor Alexander Nikolaevich (with additions): Compiled by the Highest Command / Comp. Alexander II (Emperor of Russia), ill. Balashov Petr Ivanovich and Pirate Karl Karlovich . - SPb. : Military Printing House, 1857-1881. - Up to 500 copies. - Notebooks 1–111: (With drawings No. 1–661). - 47 × 35 cm.
Literature
- Bombardier // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Bombardiers // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.