Sambo ( abbreviation ( acronym ) against self-defense (self-defense) without weapons ) is a Soviet , and now an international form of combat sports, developed on the basis of judo under the guidance of V. S. Oschepkov , as well as an integrated system of self-defense , developed under the guidance of V. A. Spiridonov by instructors and coaches of the Dynamo society in the 1930s to train NKVD officers and military personnel of the internal troops (as part of a special physical training course, abbr. “ Special activity ”). Sports sambo techniques were also included in combat sambo. The official date of birth of sambo is considered to be November 16, 1938, when the Sports Committee of the USSR included sambo among the sports cultivated in the USSR . Sports and combat sambo were divided in 1947 in the process of developing sambo under the leadership of A. A. Kharlampiev . See the Fight #New time .
| Sambo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Founding date | November 16, 1938 |
| A country |  the USSR |
| Founder | Anatoly Kharlampiev Vasily Oschepkov Victor Spiridonov |
| Place of creation | Moscow |
Sambo is a relatively young, but quite popular and intensively developing form of combat sports. The basis of the Sambo technical arsenal is the complex of the most effective methods of defense and attack, selected from various types of martial arts and the national struggle of many nations of the world. The number of techniques in the Sambo arsenal is continuously increasing with the development of this type of martial arts.
Sambo philosophy is not only a form of martial arts and a system of countering the enemy without using weapons, but also an educational system that promotes the development of moral and volitional qualities.
Sambo includes the most effective techniques and tactics of various types of martial arts, martial arts and popular wrestling: Japanese judo , jiu-jitsu , sumo , freestyle American , English wrestling of Lancashire and Kemberland styles , Georgian ( chidoba ), Armenian ( koch ), Turkic fighting kuresh , azerbaijani (gulesh), kazakh ( kazaksha kures ), uzbek (ўzbekchura kurash ), tatar (kөrәsh), bashkir (bashkortsa kөrәsh), buryat fighting (buhe barildaan); Moldavian (trynta), Finnish-French, Swiss, Greco-Roman wrestling , savata , boxing and other martial arts, as well as elements of fencing , bayonet and hand-to-hand combat. [1] [2] .
On November 30, 2018, at the meeting of the Executive Council of the International Olympic Committee , held in Tokyo, the International Sambo Federation (FIAS) received recognition in accordance with rule 25 of the Olympic Charter . [3]
Sambo History
The development of sambo occurred in the 1920s – 1930s, when the young Soviet state was in dire need of a social institution that provided its protection, educated active members of society, and could also become an effective tool for socializing a huge number of homeless and neglected children and adolescents.
From the very beginning, Sambo developed in two directions: as a mass sport and as an effective means of training personnel for law enforcement agencies. Since 1923, in the Moscow sports society "Dynamo", V. A. Spiridonov has cultivated a specific applied discipline - self-defense (abbreviated samos ). On the basis of "Dynamo" the study of various martial arts, including the national types of struggle of the peoples of the world, boxing and other shock techniques took place. This direction was closed and was intended solely for the training of special forces.
In the same period, sports sambo was actively developed on the basis of judo, after the arrest and death of Oshchepkov, known as the “freestyle wrestling without weapons”. A graduate of the Kodokan Judo Institute, the second dan of V.S. Oschepkov begins to teach judo as an academic discipline in Novosibirsk, and then at the Moscow Institute of Physical Culture, including in it self-defense techniques without weapons from armed persons, continuously engages in the enrichment and improvement of self-defense techniques , retains the judo techniques excluded in Japan (for example, throws with the seizure of legs with hands) and, in search of the most effective techniques, supplements the judo with elements of free-style wrestling, self-defense without weapons, bayonet combat, hand-to-hand combat, savata, national martial arts, forming the basis of a new type of martial art. The combat direction of this single combat, similar to jujutsu in judo, is taught by him at the military faculty of the Moscow Institute of Physical Culture, established in 1932. Over time, the system of self-defense Spiridonov merged with the system Oschepkova. A. Kharlampiev (one of V. Oschepkov's pupils), who independently studied the elements of struggle in folk games and the national forms of struggle of different peoples, made a huge contribution to the formation, development and spread of the self-defense system without weapons. E. M. Chumakov (a student of A. A. Kharlampiev) made an invaluable contribution to the development of sambo. Nowadays, sambo wrestling is represented in two directions: sports and combat.
Since its inception, sambo has been considered as an effective means of moral-volitional and all-round physical development, increasing dexterity, strength, endurance, education of tactical thinking, the formation of civil and patriotic qualities. Already in the 1930s, sambo was included in the standards of the TRP complex, developed with the active participation of V.S. Oschepkov. Millions of Soviet citizens from an early age joined the fundamentals of self-defense without weapons, strengthened their health, raised their character.
On November 16, 1938, the All-Union Committee on Physical Culture and Sport issued Order No. 633 “On the Development of the Free Style Wrestling (Sambo)”:
| The freestyle wrestling in the USSR, formed from the most valuable elements of the national wrestling forms of our immense Union (Georgian, Tajik, Kazakh, Uzbek, Kirghiz, Tatar, Karachaev) and some of the best techniques from other wrestling, is extremely valuable in its variety of equipment and defense value sport. For the first time, freestyle wrestling began to be cultivated in Moscow and Leningrad. The most widespread development of this sport was in the societies "Wings of the Soviets" (Moscow) and "Vodnik" (Leningrad), in which these sections, thanks to planned systematic work, achieved major sports successes. Thanks to the successful experience of Moscow and Leningrad, freestyle wrestling began to penetrate into other cities of the USSR (Kharkov, Saratov, Kiev and Baku). To direct and guide this work, the All-Union Committee on Physical Education and Sports created the All-Union Section in November 1937, which made it possible to combine the experience of individual cities and to direct this work along a single sports course. The All-Union Assembly of Trainers in Moscow, held in 1938, the All-Ukrainian Collection in Kiev, the match meetings - Moscow-Leningrad, the publication of official rules, etc. provide further development of this valuable, defensively, sport. However, the freestyle wrestling has not yet become the property of the broad masses of Soviet athletes. Such societies as “Spartak”, “Lokomotiv”, “Zenith”, “Builder” and others, despite the existing conditions, do not pay absolutely no attention to this sport, ignoring the very task of the all-round development of defense sports. Based on the foregoing, the All-Union Committee on Physical Culture and Sports at the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR ORDERS: To organize free-style wrestling sections at all republican, territorial, regional and city committees on physical culture and sports. In the republics, territories and regions in which national types of wrestling are popular among the local population, to organize and strengthen sports work on these types of wrestling. a) to organize systematic classes and trainings on national types of struggle, to create all the necessary conditions for this (instruction, equipment and equipment); b) develop competition rules reflecting national peculiarities of the struggle; c) include national wrestling and freestyle wrestling events in the sports calendar, taking into account local peculiarities. In order to strengthen the material base of the republican, territorial, regional and city committees on the affairs of physical culture and sports, to provide in their estimates the costs associated with the development of free-style wrestling, and in national areas - national wrestling. The Department of Physical Education and Sports of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and all CA volunteer sports societies give directions to places on the deployment of free-style wrestling, committing to allocate the necessary funds. In order to provide a new kind of sports with qualified personnel, the main sports inspection will organize 3-month training courses for ml. trainers for the periphery during 1939. Oblige republican, territorial, regional and city committees on physical culture and sports, who sent their representatives to participate in the I All-Union training session on free-style wrestling, to use them for their direct purpose to organize field-based work on wrestling and free-style for this sport. To oblige the All-Union Freestyle Wrestling Section to develop a typical curriculum for the grassroots section and a freestyle wrestling textbook. To release systematics tables and photo albums on freestyle wrestling to help coaches. To include the match of 6 cities and the All-Union Championship in the calendar of sport events for 1939 and oblige the republican, regional, regional and city committees on physical culture and sports to include freestyle wrestling competitions in the 1939 sports calendar. Taking into account the defense significance of free-style wrestling, to include in the set of standards of the TRP of the II stage, as one of the test standards, for men wrestling, for women a complex of self-defense based on the freestyle wrestling. Chief of the Sports Equipment Department of the All-Union Committee on Physical Culture and Sports, Comrade. MASS to ensure the release of the required number of sports equipment: a) sports coats b) shoes c) mats to fight Chairman of the All-Union Committee on Physical Culture and Sports with SNK USSR |
It was decided to organize a sambo-training system in all republics of the USSR, and the All-Union Free Style (Sambo) Section was created, which later became the Sambo Federation. The following year, the first national championship in a new sport.
The beginning of the Great Patriotic War interrupted the USSR Championships. But the war has become a tough test of the viability of sambo in combat conditions. Athletes and coaches, educated sambo, defended their homeland with honor, participated in the training of fighters and commanders, fought in the ranks of the army. Sambo wrestlers were awarded military orders and medals, many of them became Heroes of the Soviet Union.
In the 1950s, Sambo enters the international arena and repeatedly proves its effectiveness. In 1957, fighting with Hungarian judo wrestlers, the Soviet sambo wrestlers in two friendly meetings won a convincing victory with a total score of 47: 1. Two years later, the sambists repeated their success, already in meetings with the GDR judoists. On the eve of the Olympic Games in Tokyo, the Soviet sambo wrestlers, fighting according to the rules of judo, defeated the Czechoslovak national team, and then defeated the European judo champions, the French national team. In 1964, Soviet sambists represent the country at the Olympic Games in Tokyo, where judo makes its debut. As a result of the performance of the USSR national team, which took the second place in the overall team standings, in Japan the very next year, their own Sambo Federation will be created. The exchange of coaches and athletes is organized, methodological literature on sambo is being translated into Japanese. The process of active use of methods of training sambo wrestlers and methods of conducting a fight in sambo to improve judo begins.
In 1966, at the congress of the International Amateur Wrestling Federation (FILA), sambo is officially recognized as an international sport. Began a steady increase in the popularity of sambo around the world. The following year, the first international sambo tournament was held in Riga, in which athletes from Yugoslavia, Japan, Mongolia, Bulgaria and the USSR took part. In 1972, the first open European championship was held, and in 1973 - the first world championship, which was attended by athletes from 11 countries. In the following years, European and World Championships and international tournaments are held regularly. Sambo federations are created in Spain, Greece, Israel, USA, Canada, France and other countries. In 1977, sambists for the first time perform at the Pan American Games; In the same year, the Sambo World Cup was played for the first time. In 1979, the first World Youth Championship is held, and two years later - the first World Women's Championship. Also in 1981, sambo entered the Bolivarian Games of South America.
With all the active development and growth of international popularity in the 1970-1980s, sambo was not included in the program of the Olympic Games. However, at this time, continuing the traditions of mass development, Sambo was widely distributed in the universities of the country. A large number of students passed through the Sambo Section of Universities and Institutes of the Soviet Union, the Burevestnik Sports Society, which now, becoming successful statesmen, athletes, military men, scientists, constitute an active part of the All-Russian Sambo community. At the same time, active work was carried out on the development of sambo at the place of residence and in institutions of additional education of a sports orientation, training highly qualified athletes.
In 1985, the USSR State Committee on Physical Culture and Sport adopted the Resolution “On the state and measures for the development of sambo wrestling”, which contributed to a significant increase in the number of sports schools that cultivate sambo, increase the total number of students, and improve the training of highly qualified athletes. Under the auspices of the USSR State Sports Committee, Sambo competitions were held among military-patriotic clubs for the prizes of the USSR National Olympic Committee. Sambo wrestling became the only non-Olympic sport that received wide government support.
In the 1990s there was a difficult period for Sambo. Under the conditions of perestroika, various types of martial arts gained particular popularity, which was greatly facilitated by foreign cinema, with its propaganda of seemingly spectacular karate , aikido , wushu , etc. Earlier prohibition by the state, these martial arts became especially attractive for young people. But already in the late 1990s - early 2000s, the formation of a new discipline - combat sambo not as an applied but as a sports one. This was largely due to the growing popularity of mixed martial arts, where pupils of the sambo school proved its effectiveness.
The formation and development of combat sambo made it possible to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of sambo against the background of various types and styles of martial arts, it became a powerful incentive to improve sambo. In 2001, the first Russian championship in combat sambo took place. In 2002, the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Physical Culture and Sport issued a decree approving a new discipline of combat sambo.
The 2000s were a time of active development of sambo, primarily due to the strengthening of regional sambo federations, increasing the level of state support, increasing funding, improving the level of training for athletes, and developing a system of sports events.
Sambo disciplines
Traditionally, sambo techniques are two groups of techniques:
- Disarming and arresting techniques with the help of pain in a rack (historical "battle section");
- Sports techniques.
The latter include the technical actions of the fight sambo and sports combat sambo.
In sports combat sambo, sambo combat techniques are allowed to use, as well as actions permitted by the competition rules of all existing martial arts (all kinds of punches, kicks, elbows, knees; strangling techniques).
Sambo Rules
In Sambo competitions there are seven age groups presented in the table. [four]
| Group | Age |
|---|---|
| Younger teens | 11–12 years old |
| Older teens | 13-14 years old |
| Cadets | 15-16 years |
| Boys | 17-18 years old |
| Juniors | 19-20 years |
| Adults | 18 years and older |
| Masters | 35 years and older |
Sambo provides division by weight categories depending on age and gender. In sports sambo it is allowed to use throws, restraints and painful tricks on arms and legs. In Sambo, throws can be carried out with the help of arms, legs and torso. In Sambo, points are awarded for throws and deductions. A throw is a technique by which a sambist takes the opponent off balance and throws it onto the carpet on any part of the body or knees. When holding the sambist, clinging to the opponent with his head or chest, holds him in this position for 20 seconds. A sambo player can win ahead of time if he makes an opponent throw on his back, staying in a stand, holds a painful hold, scores 8 points (from 2015, before that it was 12 points. Source - sambo-fias.org), he has more points than an opponent.
Clean Shot: Awarded for throwing an opponent on the back without the attacker falling.
4 points are awarded to:
- for throwing an opponent on his back with the attacker falling;
- for throwing the opponent on his side without falling down;
- for holding for 20 seconds (from 2018 - 2 points for holding for 20 seconds).
2 points are awarded to:
- for throwing the opponent on the side with the attacker's fall;
- for throwing on chest, shoulder, stomach, pelvis without falling of the attacker;
- for holding for more than 10, but less than 20 seconds (from 2018, changes were made to the rules, and for holding 10 seconds. 1 point).
1 point is awarded to:
- for throwing an opponent on the chest, shoulder, stomach, pelvis with the attacker's fall.
A painful hold is a technical action in a prone fight, forcing the opponent to surrender. In Sambo, it is allowed to carry out levers, knots, pinching of joints and muscles on the hands and legs of an opponent. The time of labor is 3-5 minutes of pure time.
Currently, there are six competition systems in Sambo:
- Olympic with consolation fights from semifinalists;
- Olympic with consolation fights from the finalists;
- Olympic without consolation fights;
- up to six penalty points;
- up to two lesions;
- circular broken down into subgroups.
Dress form
Modern rules include the following costume for the participant: special jackets of red or blue colors (sambovka), a belt and short shorts, as well as special shoes (wrestlers). In addition, the participants are provided with a protective bandage to protect the groin (smelting or a non-metallic shell), and for the participants - a bra and a closed swimsuit.
Jackets and belts for sambo made from cotton fabric. The sleeve of the jacket is up to the brush length and a width that leaves a gap of at least 10 cm to the hand. The floors of the jacket are not long, 15 cm below the waist.
Bortsovki are made of soft leather shoes with a soft sole, without protruding hard parts (for which all the seams must be sealed inside). Ankles and feet in the area of the joint of the thumb are protected with leather-covered felt pads.
Shorts are made of wool, half-woolen or synthetic knitwear, should be one-colored and cover the upper third of the leg. Fasteners, pockets and other rigid decorative elements are excluded.
At official competitions, participants perform in shorts and a jacket of the same color. The athlete, who was announced first, should take a red corner and wear a uniform of the appropriate color.
International Tournaments
The largest international sambo competitions are: world championships, European championships, Asian championships, World Cup (Kharlampiev Memorial), tournaments of categories "A" and "B".
Category A tournaments:
- for the prizes of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
- for the prizes of the President of the Republic of Belarus,
- Potapov Memorial (Vladivostok),
- FIAS President's Cup,
- international tournament for the prizes of A. Aslakhanov .
Tournaments category "B":
- Memorial Gordeeva (Kyrgyzstan),
- Burdikov Memorial (Russia),
- Chokheli Memorial (Georgia),
- Paris Grand Prix,
- International Youth Sambo Festival of the national teams of the CSTO member states,
- Doga Memorial (Moldavia),
- President's Cup (UK)
- Germaniade (Germany).
Comparison of sambo with other martial arts
| Kudo | Army hand-to-hand combat | Combat Sambo | Kosiki Karate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Original style | Kyokushinkai , judo , thai boxing | sambo, various martial arts of asian descent , boxing | judo , boxing , kuresh , jiu-jitsu | karate sereydzi-ryu, seorin-ryu, shorinji-kempo and shorinji-ryu |
| Year of creation | 1981 | 1979 | 1938 | 1970 |
| The first kudo school began its work | the first Airborne Forces ARB championship took place | Sambo is on the official list of sports | The first school of karate karate began its work | |
| A country | Japan | the USSR | the USSR | Japan |
| Original purpose | sport | survival of a fighter in combat conditions during a hand-to-hand combat (for servicemen) | Detention and neutralization of criminals, saboteurs and terrorists (for employees of the internal affairs bodies) | sport |
| Creators | Azuma Takashi | martial arts enthusiasts and sports instructors of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces with the assistance of Vasily Filippovich Margelov | Kharlampiev Anatoly Arkadyevich and Oschepkov Vasily Sergeevich | Eiichi Eriguti and Masayoshi Corey Hisataka |
| Accessibility to civilians | since inception [5] | since 1995 | since 1994 | since inception |
| Organizations developing in Russia | Federation KUDO Russia | The Federation of Army Hand-to-Hand Fighting of Russia and the Sports Federation of Army Hand-to-Hand Fighting | All-Russian Sambo Federation and Combat Sambo Federation of Russia | Russian Karate Federation of Karate , All-Russian Contact Karate Union |
| Competitive form | kudogi white and blue (certified KIF) | white kimono long sleeves | red and blue sambovka (certified WFSD) | karate-gi with blue and red stripes (certified VSKK) |
| Full punch and kick | are allowed | allowed with restrictions [6] | are allowed | allowed with restrictions [7] |
| Throw and wrestling technique | allowed with restrictions [8] | is allowed | is allowed | allowed with restrictions [9] |
| Painful legs | are allowed | are allowed | are allowed | are prohibited |
| Pain techniques on the hands | are prohibited | are prohibited | are prohibited | are prohibited |
| Pain in rack | are prohibited | are prohibited | are allowed | are prohibited |
| Suffocating moves | are allowed | are prohibited | are allowed | are prohibited |
| Finishing in the stalls | allowed with restrictions [10] | allowed, including feet to the head from the rack | allowed | allowed with restrictions [11] |
| Headers | are allowed | are allowed | allowed [12] | are prohibited |
| Helmet use | closed, with plastic visor only brands “Neo head Guard”) | closed with lattice visor | open without visor | closed, with plastic visor (“Super Safe” brands only) |
| Use of protector (cuirass) | necessarily women and children certified KIF) | Required for all fighters | necessarily women | Required for all fighters (certified VSKK) |
| The use of shin guards | necessarily women and children | Required for all fighters | Required for all fighters | women at will |
| Used gloves lining | thin felt boots without filler | gloves or leggings of at least 8 ounces with open fingers | gloves no less than 8 ounces with open fingers | thin felt boots without filler |
| Impact scores | estimated damage | any exact action is evaluated | estimated only knockdown / knockout | appraised by test zones |
| Estimates for throwing technique | amplitude throws are evaluated, after which the attacker remained in the rack [13] | all stalls and throws are evaluated regardless of amplitude | correct throws are evaluated with the subsequent control of the attacked | correct throws are evaluated, followed by control and designation of finishing (kime) |
| Ratings for actions in the pit | estimated designation of finishing (kime) | not assessed | wrestling judged | estimated designation of finishing (kime) |
| Knockouts / knockdowns | оцениваются последовательным присвоением оценки юко (нокдаун)->ваза-ари (нокдаун)->иппон (нокаут) [14] | судья «пускает счет». Не более 2-х нокдаунов за бой | судья «пускает счет». Не более 2-х нокдаунов за бой | оцениваются последовательным присвоением оценок ваза-ари (нокдаун)->иппон (нокаут) |
| При отсутствии/равенстве очков победа отдается | бойцу, преобладавшему в ударной технике | бойцу, преобладавшему в бросковой технике | бойцу, преобладавшему в бросково-борцовской технике | бойцу, преобладавшему в ударной технике |
| Технические действия оцениваются | боковыми судьями открыто, путём выбрасывания флажков | боковыми судьями тайно, путём ведения судейских записок | боковыми судьями тайно, путём ведения судейских записок | боковыми судьями открыто, путём выбрасывания флажков |
| Система оценок | японская система (кока, юко, ваза-ари, иппон) [15] | балльная система (точное техническое действие — балл) | балльная система (точное техническое действие — балл) | японская система (ваза-ари, иппон) |
| Профессиональная разновидность | there is | not | there is | not |
| World Championships | проводятся | not | проводятся | проводятся |
| Категории бойцов | коэффициент: рост+вес | weight | weight | weight |
In art
- Непобедимый — советский художественный фильм 1983 года в жанре приключения . Режиссёр Юрий Борецкий , в главной роли Андрей Ростоцкий .
- Путь — боевик, 2009 год, Россия. Режиссёр — Владимир Пасичник.
- Чистая победа — художественный фильм, 2012 год. Режиссёр — Георгий Шенгелия.
See also
- Прямые предшественники самбо
- Judo
- Самоз — система Спиридонова, существовавшая до объединения самоза с дзюу-до вольного стиля (Ощепков)
- Other
- Акватлон — советская борьба в воде
- Mixed martial arts
- Jujutsu
- Бразильское джиу-джитсу
- Немецкое дзю-дзюцу
- Wrestling
- Грэпплинг
- Самбоуд
Notes
- ↑ История САМБО (недоступная ссылка) . Официальный сайт Международной Федерации САМБО. Дата обращения 26 февраля 2016. Архивировано 18 февраля 2016 года.
- ↑ Традиции и философия самбо . Всероссийская федерация самбо. Дата обращения 26 февраля 2016.
- ↑ Cамбо получило официальное признание МОК
- ↑ Международные правила соревнований по самбо. 2015.
- ↑ В России с 1991 года.
- ↑ Запрещено наносить лоукик по внутренней поверхности бедра.
- ↑ Запрещено наносить удары локтями и коленями в голову, а также одиночные удары гедан маваси гери (лоукик). Кроме того запрещено наносить т. н. проносные (не контролируемые) удары в голову и прямая атака в область уха. Вместе с этим, правилами прямо запрещено наносить какие-либо удары в незащищенные зоны.
- ↑ Запрещены броски на голову.
- ↑ Запрещено наносить удары в захвате («цуками», клинч), а также совершать ненужные и долговременные захваты соперника. При этом разрешено совершать броски, но они подлежат оценки в случае правильного (точного) выполнения броска и стремительного выполнения кимэ (обозначения добивания) . Борьбы в партере нет.
- ↑ Добивать можно из положения «партер» (только руками) или из стойки (контролируя противника) как руками так и ногой. При этом, находясь в партере, разрешается наносить удары в корпус по рукам и ногам только боковыми ударами, но в полный контакт. В голову добивание (как из партера, так и из стойки) лишь обозначается (кимэ). Из равнозначного положения и из положения снизу можно наносить любые не запрещенные удары в полный контакт по всем частям тела.
- ↑ Добивание можно выполнять только обозначая удары из стойки после выполненного броска.
- ↑ Кроме удара головой в голову.
- ↑ Иная бросковая техника учитывается при равенстве в очках (при отсутствии доминирования одного из бойцов в ударной технике).
- ↑ Преимущество одного из бойцов в два ваза-ари является основанием для присуждения ему досрочной победы.
- ↑ С 2017 года введены дополнительные баллы: кока=1 балл, юко=2 балла, ваза-ари=4 балла, иппон=8 баллов. При этом баллы суммируются. То есть спортсмен, проигрывая по ходу боя в оценку ваза-ари, может одержать победу набрав 5 коки и более или любую иную комбинацию баллов
Literature
- Харлампиев А. А. Система самбо. Сборник документов и материалов. 1933—1944. — М. : Журавлёв, 2003. — 160 с. — ISBN 5-94775-003-1 .
- Харлампиев А. А. Борьба самбо. — М. : Физкультура и спорт, 1964. — 388 с.
- «Харлампиев А. А.» «Система самбо.» М.: Фаир-пресс (2002).
- Волостных В. В., Ишков А. В. Спорт XXI века. Универсальные единоборства. Технико-тактические действия в партере на примере боевого самбо.
- Рудман Д. Л. Самозащита без оружия от Виктора Спиридонова до Владимира Путина. — М. , 2003. — 208 с. — ISBN 5-98326-001-4 .
- Рудман Д. Л. Самбо. Техника борьбы лежа. Защита. — М. : Физкультура и спорта, 1983. — 256 с.
- «Рудман Давид Львович» САМБО. Техника борьбы лежа. Нападение. 1982
- Лукашев М. Н. Родословная самбо. — М. : Физкультура и спорт, 1986. — 160 с.
- Колодников И. П. Борьба самбо. — М. : Воениздат, 1960. — 80 с.
- Зезюлин Ф. М. Самбо. Учебно-методическое пособие. — Владимир, 2003. — 180 с. — ISBN 5-93035-081-7 .
- Шулика Ю. А. Боевое самбо и прикладные единоборства. — Р-н/Д : Феникс, 2004. — 224 с. — ISBN 5-222-04657-5 .
Links
- Всероссийская федерация самбо
- Официальный сайт Международной федерация самбо
- Степанов А. Н. Летопись самбо . — Борьба самбо, 30.01.2002.