Village

A settlement in the Russian Empire, a settlement in different lands (territories, countries) had different names Podselie , Podselok , Prisyolok and Posyolok ^[1] , and meant the settlement of people near any village (village or village ), people from the outside, and if from the same village, then it was a settlement . It was formed as a result of land surveying and resettlement of peasants (resettlement peasants) from other places or the exit of part of land users from the main village (village, village). Later, this name spread to other villages and formed for something to do, for example, fishing ^[2] on the northwestern coast of the Caspian Sea (including the Volga River Delta ) and baptized Kalmyks in the Kalmyk steppe (for example, Byuslyurt , Elista , Shandasta , Bolgun , and others). With the return of Russian lands, a large number of villages appeared in the West and South of Russia under the name of the place ^[3] .

Later, a village is a small village located near the city (a working village ), the main village , which arose mainly from the main settlement ( holiday village , resort village ), or arose around a railway station (substation village), factory ( factory village ) , plant ( factory village ) and the like (a working village, a station settlement , a settlement of gold miners and others) ^[4] .

Settlements are also called isolated parts of cities located on the outskirts or absorbed by the city, but not destroyed during mass development. Often, before joining the city, they were independent administrative units . In this case, in the hierarchy of address elements, the village occupies an intermediate place between the urban area and the street, often equating to a microdistrict . In small inner-city villages, sometimes there are no street names and houses are addressed by belonging to the village. In cities without dividing into districts or districts, it is precisely the villages that act as structural units, and even at the level of administrations (distribution of cultural, educational, medical, social services). The cities of the Kemerovo Region Anzhero-Sudzhensk , Belovo , Kiselevsk , Prokopyevsk consist exclusively of mining workers ' villages , grouped around a miniature city center, usually located near the railway station.

In Russian and Ukrainian legislation there is no clear definition of the term “village” and the criteria for its difference from the village. Most often, villages are called small settlements, which had the historical name of a farm , a nook , fishing and summer cottage villages and the like. Such villages, as usual, administratively belong to the village council, located in a larger village. Settlements in official documents and in everyday life are also called urban-type villages (towns), settlements located near a city or factory, factory, and the like. The population of the village is usually up to 10,000 people.

Unlike other settlements, the village can be rural or urban type . Accordingly, in statistical calculations, the population of rural-type villages is included in the rural population , and urban-type villages in the urban population .

There are three types of such a settlement: workers' settlements (on their territory there are industrial enterprises, construction sites, railway junctions and other facilities); resort villages (intended for rest and treatment); holiday villages (summer vacation spots for citizens).

As part of cities of federal significance (GFZ) such as Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sevastopol: a village (some territories are called a city) is the type of intracity territory of a city of federal significance (the same name is also used: intracity municipality) such villages (or cities) are not separate settlements, and are former settlements included in the state pension fund. The population of such territories is considered to be the population of a city of federal significance and is added to its number. Some of these municipal territories (towns / cities) are so large (for example, the Shushary settlement within the State Pension Fund St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg), 10,650 ha - the largest municipality in St. Petersburg) that are divided into separate elements of the planning structure (in other words, micro-districts or the same villages in ordinary speech; hence the expression “village in a village”) according to the register of names of urban environment objects in historical areas and territorial zones, and according to the charter of the municipality, an industrial zone and a central estate are also distinguished MO.

• Shift camp

• Podselit // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
• Populate // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
• Villages // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Locations // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. , 1908-1913.