NGC 253 (Sculptor Galaxy, Silver Coin) - a spiral galaxy with a jumper (type SBc) in the constellation Sculptor . It is characterized by powerful star formation [1] and a high content of interstellar dust . One of the brightest galaxies that are not part of the Local Group . It was discovered in 1783 by the mathematician and astronomer Carolina Herschel . He is the most prominent member of the group of galaxies of the Sculptor .
| NGC 253 | |
|---|---|
| Galaxy | |
 | |
| Research history | |
| Discoverer | Carolina Herschel |
| opening date | September 23, 1783 |
| Designations | NGC 253 , ESO 474-29 , MCG -4-3-9 , UGCA 13 , PGC 2789 |
| Observational data ( Age J2000.0 ) | |
| Constellation | Sculptor |
| Right ascension | |
| Declination | |
| Visible dimensions | 29.0 '× 6.8' |
| Apparent magnitude m V | 7.3 |
| Photographic magnitude m B | 8.0 |
| Specifications | |
| Type of | Sbc |
| Included in | |
| Redshift | +0.000814 ± 0.000020 |
| Angular position | 52 ° |
| Surface brightness | 12.9 |
NGC 253 is a galaxy with active processes of star formation [2] . Located at a distance of about 8 million light years from Earth . [3]
Content
Black Hole
In 1999, the Chandra space telescope discovered in the X-ray range an unusual concentration of X-ray sources near the center of NGC 253. Four of these sources, tens of thousands of times more massive than the Sun , are 3 thousand light-years from the galactic core. These black holes , displaced by gravity toward the center of the galaxy, can in future be combined into one supermassive black hole. In NGC 253, the Chandra telescope may have discovered a connection between star formation and quasars . [four]
In 2003, new observations from the Chandra telescope showed that a black hole continues to actively absorb gas. But, studies conducted in 2013 using the NuSTAR space telescope showed that a black hole ceased activity, despite the fact that a sufficient amount of matter is stored around it. [five]
According to Bret Lehmer of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center: [5]
Our results indicate that the black hole has fallen asleep in the last ten years. Periodic observations with the Chandra and NuSTAR telescopes will tell us definitely if she woke up again. We hope that if she wakes up in the next few years, we can see it.
Observations
This galaxy has a high surface brightness. At the latitude of Moscow, it does not rise above 10 degrees above the horizon. In the southern regions (for example, the Caucasus, Primorye) it reaches a maximum height of more than 20 degrees above the horizon.
In the dark sky, far from the city flare, in a 100-mm telescope it looks bright, elongated oval in shape, in the center there is a noticeably round core. The brightness of the galaxy gradually decreases from the eastern edge to the western.
Neighbors in the Sky
NGC 247 is a galaxy in the constellation Cetus. NGC 288 is a globular star cluster in the constellation Sculptor.
See also
- List of Messier objects
- New shared directory
Notes
- ↑ Igor Ivanov. Neutrino astrophysics takes the first steps . Science news on the "Elements" • Astrophysics . elementy.ru. Date of appeal October 31, 2017.
- ↑ Detailed overview of nearby galaxies (Inaccessible link - history ) . Date of appeal October 31, 2017.
- ↑ NGC 253: Chandra Sees Wealth Of Black Holes In Star-Forming Galaxies. . Date of treatment October 21, 2008. Archived February 13, 2012.
- ↑ Chandra Sees Wealth Of Black Holes In Star-Forming Galaxies. . Date of treatment October 21, 2008. Archived February 13, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 NuSTAR telescope discovered a black hole falling into an “afternoon nap” | RIA News
https://web.archive.org/web/20130926114202/http://naedine.org/book/export/html/8 Victor Smagin: "Alone with the Cosmos." Chapter 2: The Great Galaxy.
Literature
- TJ Davidge. Shaken, Not Stirred: The Disrupted Disk of the Starburst Galaxy NGC 253 // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2010. - DOI : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 725/1/1342 . - arXiv : 1011.3006 .
- F. Müller-Sánchez, O. González-Martín, JA Fernández-Ontiveros, JA Acosta-Pulido, and MA Prieto. The Stellar Kinematic Center and the True Galactic Nucleus of NGC 253 // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2010. - DOI : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 716/2/1166 . - arXiv : 1005.1645 .
- Mitsuyoshi Yamagishi, Hidehiro Kaneda, Daisuke Ishihara, Shinki Oyabu, Takashi Onaka, Takashi Shimonishi, and Toyoaki Suzuki. AKARI Near-infrared Spectroscopic Observations of Interstellar Ices in the Edge-on Starburst Galaxy NGC 253 // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2011. - DOI : 10.1088 / 2041-8205 / 731/1 / L20 . - arXiv : 1102.4430 .
- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, and Yoh Takei. Fe K Line Complex in the Nuclear Region of NGC 253 (Eng.) // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2011. - DOI : 10.1088 / 2041-8205 / 742/2 / L31 . - arXiv : 1110.5407 .
- Yoshiyuki Inoue. High Energy Gamma-ray Absorption and Cascade Emission in Nearby Starburst Galaxies // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2011. - DOI : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 728/1/11 . - arXiv : 1011.6511 .
- Brian C. Lacki, Todd A. Thompson, Eliot Quataert, Abraham Loeb, and Eli Waxman. On the GeV and TeV Detections of the Starburst Galaxies M82 and NGC 253 // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2011. - DOI : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 734/2/107 . - arXiv : 1003.3257 .
- Kazushi Sakamoto, Rui-Qing Mao, Satoki Matsushita, Alison B. Peck, Tsuyoshi Sawada, and Martina C. Wiedner. Star-forming Cloud Complexes in the Central Molecular Zone of NGC 253 // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2011. - DOI : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 735/1/19 . - arXiv : 1104.2388 .
- Jeremy Bailin, Eric F. Bell, Samantha N. Chappell, David J. Radburn-Smith, and Roelof S. de Jong. The Resolved Stellar Halo of NGC 253 (Eng.) // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2011. - DOI : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 736/1/24 . - arXiv : 1105.0005 .
- Amanda A. Kepley, Laura Chomiuk, Kelsey E. Johnson, WM Goss, Dana S. Balser, and DJ Pisano. Unveiling Extragalactic Star Formation Using Radio Recombination Lines: An Expanded Very Large Array Pilot Study with NGC 253 // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2011. - DOI : 10.1088 / 2041-8205 / 739/1 / L24 . - arXiv : 1106.4818 .
- Timothy AD Paglione and Ryan D. Abrahams. Properties of nearby Starburst Galaxies Based on their Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission (Eng.) // The Astrophysical Journal . - 2012. - DOI : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 755/2/106 . - arXiv : 1206.3530 .
Links
- Information in English and French from the original “ New General Catalog ”
- Information (Eng.) From the Revised New General Catalog
- SIMBAD
- VizieR (English)
- NASA / IPAC Extragalactic Database
- List of NGC 253 publications