Component analysis - in linguistics : a method for studying the plan for the content of significant units of a language , the purpose of which is to decompose the meaning into minimal semantic components. Based on the hypothesis that the meaning of any linguistic unit consists of semantic components ( sem ) and the vocabulary of the language can be described using a limited (relatively small) number of semantic features [1] . In the 1950s, the method of component analysis was first used to study lexical units in describing a narrow circle of lexemes - terms of kinship in various languages [1] .
Content
Component Analysis and Semantic Field Theory
The method of component analysis is associated with systemic - paradigmatic ideas about the language and can be considered as the development of methods and theoretical basis of the theory of semantic field , revealing a connection with the ideas of R. O. Yakobson , L. Elmslev and other linguists who considered it possible to transfer the principles developed in the framework of phonology N. S. Trubetskoy , in grammar and semantics . Based on the method of component analysis, a semantic field can be defined as a series of words or their individual meanings connected by paradigmatic relations, having in their composition a common ( integral ) semantic attribute and differing in at least one differential attribute . These signs and the words containing them form hierarchically organized structures; Such structures include, in particular, the semantic field of kinship formed by the integral attribute “kinship” and the differential signs “gender” , “generation” , and “degree of kinship” . In different semantic fields, the same attribute can have a different hierarchical status: from a component of a differential attribute to a categorical attribute that is essential for the language system as a whole (such, for example, the attribute “gender” in the meanings of words with an animated sign). It is assumed that the most common of categorical features are somehow presented in many or all languages of the world [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Kuznetsov A. M. Component analysis method // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .
Literature
- Kobozeva I. M. Component analysis of lexical meaning // Linguistic semantics: Textbook. - 4th ed. -M .: Book House "LIBROCOM", 2009. - S. 109—122. - 352 p. - (New linguistic textbook). - ISBN 978-5-397-00024-6 .