“Glonass” (designation name: “Hurricane” , GRAU index : 11F654 , 14F17 ) - a series of spacecraft (SC) of the Soviet and Russian global navigation system GLONASS of the 1st generation, developed and manufactured by JSC “ISS” named after academician M. F Reshetnyova .
| Glonass (Hurricane) | |
|---|---|
 KA Glonass | |
| general information | |
| Manufacturer |  /  NGO PM |
| Country of origin | USSR / Russia |
| Platform | Hurricane |
| Appointment | Navigation satellite |
| Orbit | medium high circular |
| Operator | NIS GLONASS |
| The term of active existence | 3 years |
| Further developments | Glonass-M |
| Production and operation | |
| Status | Operation over |
| First start | 12.10 . 1982 |
| Last run | 12/25 . 2005 |
| Breeding facility | PH Proton |
| Typical configuration | |
| Typical spacecraft mass | 1415 kg |
| Power | 1000 watts |
In 2003, it was replaced by the 2nd generation - Glonass-M .
Content
- 1 Tactical and technical data
- 2 Orbital structure of GLONASS satellites
- 3 The structure of the navigation message of the GLONASS satellite
- 4 Transitional to the GLONASS-M spacecraft model of spacecraft
- 5 Function
- 6 See also
- 7 notes
- 8 References
Performance Data
- weight - 1415 kg
- estimated service life - 3 years
- SEP power - 1000 W
- transmit antenna pattern width 38 °
- 50 bit / s baud rate
- 511 kbit / s pseudo random rangefinder transmission rate
- the beginning of flight tests - October 12, 1982
- was launched by the Proton launch vehicle from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
GLONASS satellite orbital structure
The complete orbital structure of the GLONASS system should consist of 24 working satellites, evenly distributed in three orbital planes, according to the plan. The GLONASS grouping (as of July 11, 2017) consists of 27 spacecraft (spacecraft), of which
- Used for its intended purpose: 23 KA
- Are on the study of the Chief Designer: 2 KA
- Orbital reserve: 2 KA
The orbital planes are separated by 120 ° relative to each other (in absolute longitude of the ascending node. The planes are assigned numbers 1,2,3 with increasing in the direction of Earth's rotation. Nominal values of the absolute longitudes of the ascending nodes of ideal planes fixed at 00:00 Moscow time on January 1, 1983 are equal to:
215 ° 15′00 ″ + 120 ° (i-1), where i is the plane number (i = 1,2,3)
The nominal distances between neighboring GLONASS satellites in the orbital plane with respect to the latitude argument are 45 °.
The average precession velocity of the orbital planes is (-0,00059251) radian / day.
The satellites of the 1st plane are assigned numbers 1-8, the 2nd plane - 9-16, the 3rd plane - 17-24, with increasing against the direction of satellite movement.
The arguments for the latitude of satellites with numbers j = N + 8 and j = N + 16 differ from the arguments for the latitude of satellites with numbers j = N and j = N + 8 by + 15 °, respectively (where N = 1 ... 8) and are by 00 hours Moscow time on January 1, 1983: 145 ° 26′37 ″ + 15 ° where j = (1 ... 24) is the satellite number; - that is, the integer part of the number (j - 1) / 8.
In other words, the orbital planes are shifted relative to each other by a latitude argument of 15 degrees.
The maximum departures of satellites relative to their ideal position in the orbital plane do not exceed 5 degrees. on an interval of 5 years.
The interval of repeatability of satellite motion paths and radio visibility zones for ground based facilities is 17 turns (7 days, 23 hours 27 minutes 27 seconds).
The draconic period of the GLONASS satellite is 11 hours 15 minutes 44 seconds.
The height of the orbit is 19100 km (18840 ... 19440 km).
The inclination of the orbit is 64.8 + 0.3 °.
Eccentricity - 0 + 0.01
This configuration of the orbital structure allows us to provide a global and continuous system coverage area, as well as the optimal geometry of the relative positions of the satellites to increase the accuracy of determining coordinates.
The GLONASS satellites are launched into orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome using the Proton launch vehicle , 11C861-01 booster block and SZB 11F639.M0000-0-01 booster. One carrier simultaneously displays three GLONASS satellites.
Each satellite is transferred to a given point in the orbital plane using its own propulsion system.
GLONASS satellite navigation message structure
- The navigation message is intended for consumers to make navigation determinations, to bind to the exact time, and to plan navigation sessions. Simply put, the initial data for calculations on the consumer equipment (GLONASS receiver) are transmitted.
- The contents of the navigation message
The content of the navigation message is divided into operational and non-operational information.
- Operational information refers to the NKA from which this navigation radio signal is transmitted and contains:
digitization of satellite timestamps (to synchronize satellite and consumer clocks; shift of the satellite’s timeline relative to the GLONASS system timeline (time on satellites can vary within nanoseconds); relative difference between the carrier frequency of the emitted navigation radio signal and the nominal value (since the carrier can leave the carrier frequency from a given one, this is important when assessing the Doppler frequency shift, for example, to determine the speed of a consumer); the satellite ephemeris (these are minor deviations of the satellite from This path, affect the accuracy of the coordinates).
- Non-operational information contains an almanac (description of the satellite orbits) of the system, including:
data on the state of all NSA systems (state almanacs are a more static parameter than ephemeris, relevant within 5 weeks); the shift of the time scale of each satellite relative to the time scale of the GLONASS system (phase almanac); parameters of the orbits of all the spacecraft of the system (almanac of orbits); GLONASS system timeline shift relative to UTC (SU).
Transitional to the Glonass-M spacecraft model of spacecraft
- On December 1, 2001, Cosmos-2382, a modified version of the Glonass spacecraft, was launched on which some new systems were tested [1] . According to some sources, the spacecraft model was 14F17 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] .
Operation
Satellites in which technical malfunctions occurred [7] :
| Satellite number | Date of failure | Note | Return Date | Number of working devices at the time of release | The number of devices |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number 795 | May 12, 2009 | Maintenance | there is no data | 19 | twenty |
| Number 714 | May 20, 2009 | no data [8] | May 30, 2009 | eighteen | twenty |
| Number 724 | May 26, 2009 | there is no data | May 26, 2009 | 17 | twenty |
| Number 712 | May 27, 2009 | there is no data | there is no data | 17 | twenty |
| No. 713 | May 29, 2009 | there is no data | there is no data | 16 | twenty |
| Number 728 | June 3, 2009 | temporary exception | 13:00 [9] , June 3, 2009 | 16 | twenty |
See also
- GLONASS # Launches (list of launches of all types of spacecraft: GLONASS, GLONASS-M, GLONASS-K, each of which can be distinguished by sorting by type)
- Glonass-M
- GLONASS-K
Notes
- ↑ Glonass: two plus one equals eight Cosmonautics News
- ↑ GLONASS Network
- ↑ Laser ranging. Tasks, current status, prospects
- ↑ Hurricane-M (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Three Hurricanes Launched from Baikonur
- ↑ 2001-053A - Kosmos 2382
- ↑ GLONASS "feverish" Archived June 18, 2009 on the Wayback Machine
- ↑
Failure of systems due to the low quality of components is a long-standing problem of the Russian space industry. An audit by the Prosecutor General’s Office earlier this year showed that four GLONASS satellites were refused in 2009 because they supplied a Taiwanese chip in the Industry category. To purchase Space-level accessories for a dual-use system, you need a special permission from the US Department of State , as California companies most often own the rights to these schemes. Our developers usually do not apply for permissions to the State Department: they either seek alternative methods of purchasing parts of interest, or buy what is.
- ↑ It is not specified exactly what time was meant (Moscow, international, etc.)
Links
- GLONASS Interface Control Document (revision 1.0-2016)
- GLONASS differential correction and monitoring system. Operational monitoring of GLONASS and GPS
- Current status of the group and other detailed information about GLONASS
- GLONASS modules in Russia will become mandatory
- Orbital structure of GLONASS satellites
- A brief description on the website of JSC “ISS” named after academician M. F. Reshetnev
- In flight - the three "Hurricanes"