Fremantle

According to the 2006 census , 7,459 people lived in the city. ^[3] Sex indicators in the city were as follows: 3,868 men and 3,591 women. Indicators by age categories: 3.6% of residents under 4 years old, 7% of residents from 5 to 14 years old, 12.5% ​​of residents from 15 to 24 years old, 48.4% of residents from 25 to 54 years old, 28.5% of residents over 55 years old. The average age was 41 years. ^[3]

The ethnic composition of the population was 57% Australians , 9.2% British , 3.6% Italians , 2.4% New Zealanders , 1.3% Scots, and 0.9% Americans . ^[3] The proportion of residents born abroad was 30.3%. The main language of communication in the city (74.3%) was English . The second most popular is Italian (5.3%). By religious composition: the proportion of atheists was 28%, Catholics - 24.7%, Anglicans - 14.4%, members of the United Church - 2.1%. ^[3]

The proportion of families with children was 30.9% of the population; the proportion of childless families - 49.5%; the proportion of single-parent families with at least one parent is 16.7%. Single-family households accounted for 44.2% of all Fremantle households.

The average weekly income per person over 15 years old is AUD $ 539. The unemployment rate in Fremantle in 2006 was 5%. ^[3]

April 25, 1829 at the mouth of the Swan River , where the city of Fremantle is now located, moored the British ship Challenger under the command of Charles Fremantle . The main task of the crew was to establish a colony. On May 2, 1829, Captain Fremantle declared the sovereignty of the British Empire over the entire west coast of New Holland . For this purpose, a special ceremony was held. A few days later, the first camp of the colonists was set up, marking the beginning of the city of Fremantle.

A month later, on June 1, the ship Parmelia sailed to the banks of the river, whose captain, James Stirling , officially announced the establishment of the colony of Swan River. August 12, 1829 was founded the city of Perth . On August 25, Captain Fremantle, who provided significant support to Stirling, left the colony. Subsequently, Stirling decided to name the settlement in his honor - Fremantle. ^[five]

In 1897, under the leadership of an Irish engineer, a project was implemented to deepen a local bay and remove limestone boulders and deepen the mouth of the Swan River. Thus, Fremantle turned into a major port, still remaining one of the key ports of Western Australia. ^[6] .

During the Second World War, Fremantle was the second largest submarine base of the anti-Hitler coalition in the Pacific theater of action.

Fremantle is known for its many well-preserved architectural monuments, which form a unity with urban landscapes. First of all, these are colonial buildings built by prisoners, the old pier and the port, local prisons. Most of the buildings are built of limestone and decorated with decorated facades. The rapid development of the city, following the expansion of the local bay, gave rise to whole architectural ensembles of the Edward VII era, which were built by trading and shipping companies on the western outskirts of the city and drained land. ^[7]

In Fremantle is the oldest building in Western Australia , the so-called "Round House" ( English Round House ), - the prisoner, built between 1830 - 1831 years . ^[8] It houses eight prison cells and the residence of the prison warden, whose windows open onto the central courtyard. Under the building there is a tunnel built in the 19th century by local whalers for direct access to the city from the pier and the beach.

The Round House is located on the territory of the Western outskirts of Fremantle ( English Fremantle's West End ): clusters of streets near the southern outskirts of the port, on which buildings of Georgian and Victorian architecture are located . In the early 1990s, many architectural sites of the Western outskirts were gentrified .

In 1850 , when 75 British prisoners arrived in Fremantle, it became apparent that the local “Round House” was not enough to accommodate them. As a result, prisoners built a new prison, the construction of which was completed in the 1850s and which operated until 1991 . In the past, Fremantle had a reputation as one of the most notorious places of imprisonment in the British Empire . In it settled British, local, military prisoners, military enemies and prisoners. Currently, local prisons are cultural heritage sites of Western Australia. ^[9]

Another famous architectural monument is the Fremantle History Museum, which was also built from local limestone by prisoners in the 1860s: in the past, the Victorian building was used as a psychiatric hospital and is now one of the city’s landmarks. ^[10] During the Second World War, the building was used as the headquarters of the US Navy, now it houses the Fremantle Center for the Arts and the Immigration Museum.

The Fremantle Market forms a whole craft district, selling delicacies, dining rooms, fish and vegetable markets. The foundation stone was laid on November 6, 1897 by the acting Prime Minister of Western Australia, John Forrest . The building, built in the Victorian style, has over 150 counters, and it is included in the national list for the protection of historical monuments.

The remains of Bon Scott , the lead vocalist of the legendary Australian rock band AC / DC , ^{[11] are} buried in the local cemetery, and his statue is installed in the port.

•   Seberang Perai , Malaysia (1978)
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• Brian Andrew Greig is an Australian politician.