Cellobiose - 4- (β-glucosido) -glucose, a disaccharide consisting of two glucose residues connected by a β-glucoside bond; the basic structural unit of cellulose .
β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1,4) -α-D-glucopyranose (α-cellobiose)
β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1,4) -β-D-glucopyranose (β-cellobiose)
| Cellobiosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | |
| Systematic name | 4- (β-D-glucosido) -D-glucose, β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1,4) -α-D-glucopyranose (α-cellobiose) β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1,4) -β-D-glucopyranose (β-cellobiose) |
| Traditional names | Cellobiose, Cellosa |
| Chem. formula | C 12 H 22 O 11 |
| Physical properties | |
| Molar mass | 342.30 g / mol |
| Thermal properties | |
| T. bale. | 225 ° C ° C |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | 16462-44-5 |
| PubChem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| Smiles | |
| Inchi | |
| Chebi | and |
| ChemSpider | |
A white crystalline substance, readily soluble in water and in 45–48 ° alcohol. Poorly soluble in 96 ° alcohol and ethers . The molecular weight is 342.30 g / mol. Melting point - 225 ° C. Optically active, mutarotates in solution.
Cellobiose is characterized by reactions involving the aldehyde (semi-acetal) group and hydroxyl groups; it can form glycosides with alcohols, amines, and other monosaccharides. During acid hydrolysis or under the action of the enzyme β-glucosidase breaks down with the formation of 2 glucose molecules:
Get cellobiose enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. In free form, cellobiosis is found in the sap of some trees.
Biological role
Cellobiose is formed by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by bacteria that live in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. Then, cellobiose is cleaved by the bacterial enzyme β-glucosidase (cellobiase) to glucose, which ensures the assimilation by the ruminants of the cellulose part of the biomass.