Murra (th) is meteral [2] [3] ( lat. Murraya paniculata ), or the Chinese Myrtle [2] - a widespread species of plants of the Murray genus of the Ruta family.
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Murraya paniculata ( L. ) Jack , 1820 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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One of the synonyms : Murray inozemic [4] ( lat. Murraya exotica ).
Content
Spread
India , China , Taiwan , Bhutan , Nepal , Pakistan , Sri Lanka , Cambodia , Laos , Myanmar , Thailand , Vietnam , Indonesia , Malaysia , Papua New Guinea , Philippines , Australia [5] .
Natural varieties
- Murraya paniculata var. ovatifoliolata Engl. 1896 [5]
Biological description
Evergreen trees up to 4 m tall, densely branched, trunk yellowish-white or gray-beige.
Leaves are pinnate with 2-3 pairs of leaflets; leaflets on short petioles, obovate, glossy, dark green, bare, up to 5 cm long [6] .
Flowers , white, pleasantly fragrant , collected in corymbose inflorescences , up to 1.8 cm [6] . Flowering begins in February and lasts through November.
The fruit is red-orange, 2-3 cm, round or oval in shape, the fruits ripen in 1.5-4 months and are considered to be curative. In small fruits, one round bone, and in large ones, it is as if divided into two halves and after sowing gives two plants.
Use
In some countries, leaves and fruits are used as a medicinal plant [2] . In the tropics and subtropics, it is used in landscaping , in areas with a more severe climate , an ornamental houseplant, including bonsai . Cosmetology uses bark powder and essential oils from leaves and flowers. From flowers extracted glycoside murray . The fruits are used in food in processed form - jelly , marmalade .
Agriculture
Location: all year round in a bright or semi-shaded place. In summer it is possible to cultivate in the open air, in a place protected from direct sunlight. Winter temperatures are around 20 ° C.
Substrate: a mixture of clay granulate, sand and soil mixture on the basis of peat land . Substrate update every 2-3 years [7] . When cultivated in residential areas of unformed plants in flower pots, the composition of the substrate: turf ground - 1 hour, leaf soil - 1 hour, humus soil - 1/2 hour, sand - 1 hour [6] .
Young plants are fed with complex mineral or organic fertilizers for bonsai every two weeks. Adult plants before the appearance of flowers fertilize every four weeks, after flowering more often.
The minimum diameter of the formed plants is about 50 cm. All Japanese bonsai styles are possible. The position of the one- and two-year branches is changed with the help of a wire. The direction of older branches with the help of tensioning devices. With a length of shoots of young plants of 20 cm, they are shortened to 1-3 sheets. Old specimens can be cut with a length of shoots of about 10 cm, leaving 1-2 sheets on them.
Murray panicle is easily propagated by cutting .
Pests: scale insects , with dry indoor air - spider mites [7] .
Bonsai of Murray paniculata
Oddnoparnyy sheet of Murray paniculata
The forming Murray panicle inflorescence
Murrayi paniculate buds
Fruits of varying degree of maturity Murray and paniculata
Mature fruit Murray paniculata
At the same time in the inflorescence - flower buds , buds, flowers, fruits of different degrees of maturity
Synonyms
According to The Plant List :
- Camunium exoticum ( L. ) Kuntze
- Chalcas cammuneng Burm.f.
- Chalcas exotica (L.) Millsp.
- Chalcas intermedia M.Roem.
- Chalcas japanensism lour .
- Chalcas paniculata L. basionym
- Chalcas paniculata var. omphalocarpa Yu.Tanaka
- Chalcas sumatrana M.Roem.
- Connarus foetens blanco
- Connarus santaloides blanco
- Limonia malliculensis JRForst. ex Steud.
- Marsana buxifolia Sonn.
- Murraya exotica L.
- Murraya omphalocarpa Hayata
- Murraya paniculata var. exotica (L.) CCHuang
- Murraya paniculata var. omphalocarpa ( hayata ) tanaka
See also
- Myrtle is a genus of plants of the Myrta family.
- Red orange
- Kumquat
Notes
- ↑ About the conditionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons” .
- 2 1 2 3 508. Murraya Koenig - Murray / Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. - Murray paniculata, Chinese Myrtle , Wulf E. V., Maleeva O. F. // World Resources of Useful Plants / L .: Science, 1969. - 568 p.
- ↑ The Russian name "Murray paniculata" is used in the book by Bush Werner. Bonsai in our house. - M .: Interbuk, 1998. - p. 83. - 114 p.
- ↑ The Russian name "Murray foreign" was used in the book by Saakov S. G. Greenhouse and indoor plants and care for them. - L .: Science, 1985. - p. 556. - 621 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Murraya paniculata. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) (not available link) . The appeal date is December 12, 2009. Archived May 14, 2009.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Saakov S. G., 1985 .
- ↑ 1 2 Bush Werner. Bonsai in our house. - M .: Interbuk, 1998. - p. 83. - 114 p.
Links
- Photos of Murraya paniculata at flickr.com (English)
- Murraya paniculata at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (Eng.)
- Murraya paniculata (Eng.) : Information on the IPNI website.
Literature
- Saakov S. G. Greenhouse and indoor plants and care for them. - L .: Science, 1985. - p. 556. - 621 p.
- Bush Werner. Bonsai in our house . - M .: Interbuk, 1998. - p. 83. - 114 p. - ISBN 5-89164-048-1 . (inaccessible link)
- Welsh, SL Flora Societensis: A summary revision of EPS - Inc., Orem, Utah, 1998.