International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature

International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature , IVAN Lat. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria, NAV is a reference to veterinary anatomical terminology. In accordance with new achievements and discoveries in the field of veterinary morphology, the International Committee on Veterinary Macroscopic Anatomical Terminology ( International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature ) is releasing new versions of the IAOD. A total of 5 editions were approved and published.

The first edition was approved in 1967 in Paris. In 1968, it was published in Vienna. The new nomenclature was immediately accepted in all countries.

The second edition was approved at the regular session of the General Assembly of WABA in 1971. In 1973, it was published. In this edition, new rules were introduced to indicate the directions of the animal’s body: the terms “cranial” and “caudal” were decided to apply to the neck of the body, tail and limbs to the level of the end of the forearm and lower leg; the terms “dorsal” and “palmar” refer to the brush, and “dorsal” and “plantar” to the foot. For the structures of the head, use the terms “rostral”, “caudal”, “dorsal” and “ventral”; the terms “front”, “back”, “upper” and “lower” are used only when characterizing the eyeball, eyelids and inner ear. “Medial” and “lateral” are recommended in relation to the whole body, except for the designation of the side of the fingers in some domestic mammals (“axial” and “non-axial” should be used).

To describe the terms, a new spelling of the anatomical nomenclature was adopted. Where spelling differs from the classical Latin, the linguistically correct version was suggested in brackets. This applies mainly to diphthongs ae, and oe. Terms added to indicate structures that are absent in humans are also written and pronounced according to the rules of the Paris anatomical nomenclature.

Initially, they wanted to remove synonyms from the nomenclature. However, the committee in some cases was forced to either adopt equivalent terms or retain a well-known name in order to achieve wider recognition of the nomenclature. Synonym, common variants of anatomical terms proposed to be enclosed in parentheses, except for the terms of the lymphatic system. Abbreviated names of species of pets were also proposed to be placed in parentheses.

The term “ungulates” refers to a pig, cattle, sheep, goat and horse; the term "artiodactyls" - pig and ruminant. If the species designation is placed after the term, this indicates that the structure is found only in animals of this species. However, the absence of a species designation does not necessarily indicate that all domestic animals have this structure. In the nomenclature of blood vessels and peripheral nerves, a separate inventory is often given for various groups of animals. Inventories begin with headings denoting gender (class) or order. At the end of a separate list, the general nomenclature for animals of all species is renewed under the heading “general terms”. In 1975, corrections and additions to the second edition were made.

At a special meeting of the IX International Congress of Anatomists (Leningrad, 1970), veterinary anatomists decided on the need to publish the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature in the USSR. The preparation for its publication was led by Professor T.M. I'm satisfied. In 1974, at the VIII All-Union Congress of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists, veterinary morphologists approved the text of the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature in Latin and Russian, and in 1979 its first edition was published with a circulation of 1000 copies.

In 1992, in the city of Ghent, the WABA General Assembly adopted the fourth edition of the Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. Published in 1994 in New York. ^[1] . Compared to the previous ones, changes were made to it according to the latest achievements and discoveries in the field of veterinary morphology. The nomenclature includes three sections: anatomical, histological (second edition) and embryological veterinary nomenclature (first edition).

In Russia, the fourth edition of the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature was translated into Russian by Professor N.V. Zelenevsky and published in 2005. The last fifth edition was adopted in 2005. Distributed free of charge by the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (WAVA ), ^[2] in the form of an electronic document. It has not been published in Russian.

Most Russian veterinarians do not even suspect the existence of an IVAN. Almost all modern books (including textbooks for students studying in the specialty of Veterinary Medicine) use outdated terminology, which the authors borrowed from the textbooks of A. Akayevsky. Akayevsky used in his textbooks the terminology from the second and third editions of the IAAS.