Jat ( Hindi जाट Jaṭ IAST , V.-Panj. ਜੱਟ جٹ Jaṭṭ , Urdu جاٹ ) is an ethnic group in India [2] . They live mainly in Punjab , Haryana , Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh , as well as in large international immigrant diasporas [3] [4] [5] . Jats have a cultural history that can be traced back to ancient times. [five]
| Jat | |
|---|---|
| Modern self-name | Hindi जाट Jaṭ IAST , W. Panj. ਜੱਟ جٹ Jaṭṭ , Urdu جاٹ |
| Abundance and area | |
| Total: 82.5 million [1] | |
 •  •  •  •  •  •  | |
| Tongue | Punjabi • Urdu • Hindi • English |
| Religion | Sikhism , Hinduism , Islam |
| Related peoples | Indo-Aryans • Indo- Scythians • Indo-Iranians |
They speak the Punjabi language (dialect of jatki-hindi, hindki, etc.). Urdu is also common. Jats are mostly followers of Sikhism , but there are Hindus among them, in Pakistan - Muslims - Sunnis . At the beginning of n. e. tribes of the ancestors of the Jats inhabited the western regions of Punjab ; settled in North India, constituted the ethnic basis of the Punjabis . Jats were mainly farmers and military personnel.
Since 1699, successfully fighting the Great Mughals , the Jats-Sikhs created a strong state in the Punjab , captured by the English colonialists in 1849 . After 1710, there was a massive migration of non-Sikh Jats [6] to areas south and east of Delhi [7] , where they also successfully opposed the expansion of the Mughals. In 1761, the jats of the principality of Bharatpur conquered Agra from the Mughals and for 13 years established themselves in its Red Fort . But gradually, the Jats, like other peoples of India, bowed to the victorious British ...
Jats do not quite fit into the Hindu varna / caste system. They consider themselves kshatriyas [8] , but many Hindus consider jats to be “degraded kshatriyas”, which, due to a long separation from the Brahmin rituals, have fallen to the status of sudras [9] . In the Delhi region, the widows of the local Hindu Jats are allowed to remarry, despite the fact that, in general, the Hindus, who are members of high castes, are prohibited from the second marriage [10] . The Rajputs - the indisputable kshatriyas themselves (who have a widespread sati - self-immolation of widows) - do not want to see the "brothers in Varna" in jats. From here came the frequent bloody conflicts of the Jats with the Rajputs [11] . Now the demand to recognize jats as kshatriyas has been voiced by the Arya Samaj movement, which sees this as a way to “cancel” the colonial theory of the Indo-Scythian origin of jats [12] .
But, in spite of everything, the Jat people are one of the most prosperous groups in modern India (per capita). The largest number of jats live in the states of Punjab , Haryana and Gujarat [13] . In recent years, the Jat people are the dominant political class in the Punjab [14] .
Photo Gallery
Maraya Kishan Singh .
Former Indian Foreign Minister Natwar Singh .
The regiment of jats .
Notes
- ↑ Saubhadra Chatterji. Government turns focus on Jat quota Archived March 12, 2013. // Hindustan Times , January 14, 2012. (Retrieved March 7, 2013.)
- ↑ BS Dhillon. History and study of the Jatts. - Beta Publishers, 1994 .-- ISBN 1895603021 .
- ↑ Hukum Singh Pawar (Pauria). The Jatts - Their Origin, Antiquity and Migration. 1993, ISBN 81-85253-22-8
- ↑ Surjit Mansingh. Historical Dictionary of India, Vision Books, 1998, pp. 203-204. ISBN 81-7094-309-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 Herbert Risley . The people of india
- ↑ Conditional ethnographic term. This group does not have a clear self-name.
- ↑ Bayly, CA Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870 . - CUP Archive, 1988. - P. 22. - ISBN 978-0-521-31054-3 .
- ↑ From hierarchy to stratification. - Oxford University Press, 1975.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology.
- ↑ In Western Muslim Jats, a widow often marries a brother or other relative of a deceased husband.
- ↑ The Cat and the Lion: Jaipur State in the British Raj. - Leiden, BRILL, 1988.
- ↑ Christophe Jaffrelot. Religion, Caste & Politics in India. - Primus Books, 2010.
- ↑ Haryana Online . Haryana Online. Date of treatment August 9, 2009. Archived April 12, 2012.
- ↑ History of Punjab politics: Jats do it! . Indianmuslims.info. Date of treatment August 9, 2009. Archived April 12, 2012.