Kutya (from Greek Greek ϰουϰϰιά - beans ; Ukrainian Kutya , Belorussian Kutsya, Kutsya , Bulgarian Kutya , Church Slavic Kuti, Kutsi, Kouciѩ ) [1] [2] [3] [4] ) [[[kolivo]], eve , oily ] [5] - porridge made from whole grains of wheat, barley, less often millet or rice with honey ( raw [6] ) or sugar [6] , sometimes with dried fruits ( raisins ), nuts , poppy seeds [5] .
| Kutia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Included in national cuisines | |
| Slavic cuisine | |
| Components | |
| The main | Wheat, barley, millet or rice, honey ( full ) |
| Possible | Dried fruits (raisins), nuts, poppy seeds |
It is a Slavic dish that is prepared for a funeral , commemoration and Parent's Saturday [5] . Southern Slavs also prepare kutya for St. Barbara ’s Day and patron saint day (Bulgarian - Svetset, Serb. - Glory ). Eastern and Western Slavs prepare this dish on Christmas Eve ( Christmas Eve ), New Year and Epiphany [5] .
There is also the Orthodox custom of using kutya (coliva) on Friday of the first week of Lent , reminiscent of the miracle of the martyr Theodore of Tyrone [7] . (The day of memory of the martyr Theodore Tiron is celebrated on Saturday of the first week of Great Lent .)
Content
Etymology
Common Slavic word, borrowed from Greek: cf. - Greek. κουκκί (ον) , pl. Wed - Greek. κουκκιά "beans", which is a derivative of cf. - Greek. κόκκος "grain" [2] .
Traditions
For eastern Slavs and Poles, kutya is necessarily prepared on Christmas Eve and Epiphany , so in Polesie the eve holidays themselves are called Kutya , or Poor Kutya (before Christmas), Rich Kutya , Hungry (Water) kutya (before Epiphany ), in Russian they call it a couturier Christmas Eve [8] .
At the eastern Slavs at the funeral and commemoration it is customary to serve kutya (kolivo, eve), then pancakes , kissel with honey , fried eggs and porridge. On the night after Dmitriev’s grandfathers, Belarusians hung out a towel from the window, and put kutya and pancakes on the window for the deceased [9] .
Fortune-telling fortune-telling is known.
The tradition of cooking with kutya probably dates back to pagan times , when such a dish was sacrificial, “the food of deceased ancestors,” therefore it is a manifestation of the remains of the cult of ancestors.
Ethnographer Dmitry Zelenin wrote that according to the beliefs of the Eastern Slavs, “the deceased has all the same needs as a living person , especially the need for food” [10] .
See also
- Kolivo is a memorial dish of Orthodox Christians.
- Well
Notes
- ↑ Izmail Ivanovich Sreznevsky “Materials for the dictionary of the Old Russian language on written monuments. Volume 1 A - K ”(1893), page 1382
- ↑ 1 2 Kutia // Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language = Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch : in 4 volumes / auth. M. Fasmer ; per. with him. and add. Corr. USSR Academy of Sciences O. N. Trubacheva . - Ed. 2nd, erased - M .: Progress , 1986. - T. II: E - Male. - S. 435.
- ↑ Archbishop Benjamin (Krasnopevkov-Rumovsky). The New Tablet, part 4, chapter 23, § 3, p. 263
- ↑ K. T. Nikolsky. "Manual for the study of the charter of worship of the Orthodox Church", 1907, p. 766
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2010 .
- ↑ 1 2 Walentsova, 2004 , p. 69.
- ↑ Kutia, Koliva // “The ABC of Faith,” the Orthodox Internet portal.
- ↑ Valencova, 2004 , p. 71.
- ↑ Valencova, 2004 , p. 70.
- ↑ Zelenin, 1991 , p. 356.
Literature
- Kutya // Big Russian Encyclopedia. Volume 16. - M. , 2010 .-- S. 476.
- Pokhlebkin V.V. Kutya // Culinary Dictionary. - M .: E, 2015 .-- S. 176. - 456 p.
- Kutia // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
- Kutia / Walentsova M. M. // Slavic antiquities : Ethnolinguistic dictionary: in 5 volumes / under the general. ed. N. I. Tolstoy ; Institute of Slavic Studies RAS . - M .: Int. Relations , 2004. - T. 3: K (Circle) - P (Quail). - S. 69–71. - ISBN 5-7133-1207-0 .
- Zelenin D.K. East Slavic ethnography. - M .: Science, 1991.
- Petrovsky A.V. Kolivo // Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia . Supplement to the spiritual journal "Wanderer". - Petrograd: Type. A.P. Lopukhina, 1911. - T. 12. - St. 284 - 497 p.
Links
- Kutya // Russian Ethnographic Museum
- The Walsamon Theodore Interpretation of the Fourth Rule of the Saints Apostle // Apostolic Rules