Gingerbread ( lat.Xanthium ) is a genus of annual herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family.
| The cocklebur | |||||||||||||||||||||||
 Ornate common . General view of the plant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Xanthium L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type view | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Xanthium strumarium L. [2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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See text | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The Latin generic name comes from other Greek. ξανθός - yellow, due to its use as a dye .
Content
Distribution and Ecology
The birthplace of the plant is Central and North America . It is brought to Europe , Asia Minor and East .
Botanical illustration from the book of K. A. M. Lindman Bilder ur Nordens Flora , 1917-1926
Biological Description
Leaves are alternate, whole, serrated or lobed.
Baskets are unisexual, monoecious , sessile, collected in spike-like or racemose inflorescences located in the axils of leaves or collected in bunches on the tops of stems . Stamen baskets are almost spherical, multi-flowered , located in the upper part of the inflorescence; pistil - solitary or glomerulus in the lower part of the inflorescence. Stamen flowers with a 5-tooth corolla . Pistillate flowers are enclosed two in a fused wrap with a filiform tubular, invisible corolla or without a corolla.
Achenes are oblong, compressed, two in each wrapper.
Meaning and Application
Leaves and roots produce a yellow dye used to dye fabrics.
The seeds of the common cocklebur contain up to 40% of oil, suitable for the manufacture of drying oil .
Classification
Taxonomy
The genus Durnishnik is part of the Asteraceae family of the Asterales order .
| 12 more families (according to APG II System ) | ||||||||||||
| from 3 to 25 species | ||||||||||||
| Astrocrystal order | genus Gingerbread | |||||||||||
| Department of Flowering, or Angiosperms | Astrov family | |||||||||||
| 44 more order flowering plants (according to APG II System ) | another 900 to 1000 births | |||||||||||
Views
The genus Durnishnik includes from 3 to 25 species (70 species are indicated in the book “Flora of the USSR”), some of them: [3]
- Xanthium sibiricum Patrin - Siberian Gingerbread Man
- Xanthium spinosum L. - Thorn needle
- Xanthium strumarium L. - Orthopods
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Information on the genus Xanthium (Eng.) In the Index Nominum Genericorum database of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) .
- ↑ According to the GRIN website (see plant card).
Literature
- Smolyaninova L.A. Rod. 1507. Feminine - Xanthium // Flora of the USSR : 30 tons / started at hand. and under chap. ed. V. L. Komarova . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1959. - T. 25 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin . - S. 521-530. - 630 s. - 2500 copies.
Links
- Xanthium (English) : Tropicos taxon information.
- Xanthium : information on the taxon in the Plantarium project (identifier of plants and an illustrated atlas of species). Frat on the Plantarium website (Retrieved December 4, 2009)