Leo XI ( Latin Leo PP. XI ; in the world of Alessandro Ottaviano Medici , Italian Alessandro Ottaviano de 'Medici ; June 2, 1535 , Florence , Tuscany - April 27, 1605 , Rome ) - Pope from 1 on April 27, 1605 .
| Leo XI | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Leo PP. Xi | |||
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| April 1 - April 27, 1605 | |||
| Intronization | April 10, 1605 | ||
| Church | Roman catholic church | ||
| Predecessor | Clement VIII | ||
| Successor | Paul V | ||
| Birth name | Alessandro Ottaviano Medici | ||
| Original name at birth | Alessandro Ottaviano de 'Medici | ||
| Birth | June 2, 1535 Florence , Tuscany | ||
| Death | April 27, 1605 (69 years old) Rome | ||
| Buried | |||
| Dynasty | |||
| Father | |||
| Holy Order | July 22, 1567 | ||
| Episcopal consecration | March 1573 | ||
| Cardinal with | December 12, 1583 | ||
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 1.1 Origin
- 1.2 Church career
- 1.3 The Conclave and the Papacy
- 1.4 Death
- 2 Comments
- 3 notes
- 4 References
Biography
Origin
Fourth Pope , bore the name of the Medici. Alessandro was born in Florence on June 2, 1535 and was the son of Ottaviano Medici and Francesca Salviati [1] . On the maternal side - the great-nephew of Leo X (through Salviati and his grandmother Lucretia Medici ). Half-brother of Bernardetto Medici , Prince of Ottaviano .
Church Career
Alessandro served as ambassador of Florence to the court of Pope Pius V in 1569 - 1584 [2] . Gregory XIII made him bishop of Pistoia in 1573 , and then archbishop of Florence [3] . In 1583, he received a cardinal hat from the pope. He became a cardinal on December 12, 1583 , on the same day as Jambattista Castaña, Niccolo Sfrondrati and Giovanni Antonio Fakinetti de Nuche, who successively occupied the papal throne in the 16th century (respectively: Urban VII , Gregory XIV and Innocent IX ). By coincidence, none of the cardinals ordained on this day, dad stayed for more than a year.
In 1596, Clement VIII sent him as a legate to France, where the queen was Marie de Medici [4] . Alessandro was a friend and disciple of St. Philip Neri .
Conclave and Papacy
March 14, 1605, eleven days after the death of Clement VIII, 62 cardinals began the conclave . A prominent place among the candidates for the papal throne was occupied by the historian Caesar Baronius and the famous Jesuit Robert Bellarmin . But Pietro Aldobrandini, the leader of the Italian faction among the cardinals, in alliance with the French cardinals, promoted Alessandro Medici's candidacy - in spite of the Spanish king Philip III . As they say, the king of France Henry IV sent 300,000 ecu to promote the candidacy of Cardinal Alessandro [5] , who was a relative of both wives of Henry [K 1] . On April 1, 1605, Cardinal Medici was elected Pope. He took the name Leo XI in honor of his cousin Leo X.
Death
At the time of his election, Leo was almost seventy years old, and he died on the 28th day of his pontificate [6] . His death came as a result of fatigue and hypothermia during an intronization ceremony in the Lateran Basilica . He was nicknamed "Papa Lampo" - "Papa Lightning" - because of the transience of his pontificate.
Comments
- ↑ Margarita Valois - daughter of the second cousin of Cardinal Catherine de Medici (through Lorenzo II and his father Pierrot II - brother of the grandmother of Cardinal Lucretia). Maria Medici is the granddaughter of Cosimo I Medici , a cousin of the Cardinal (their mother is the sister of Salviati , daughter of the same Lucretia).
Notes
- ↑ Richard P. McBrien . Lives of the Popes. - HarperCollins, 2000 .-- P. 298.
- ↑ Sally J. Cornelison . Art and the Relic Cult of St. Antoninus in Renaissance Florence. - Ashgate Publishing, 2012 .-- P. 126.
- ↑ Richard P. McBrien . Lives of the Popes. - P. 298.
- ↑ Leo XI. // Bernard Barbiche . The Papacy: An Encyclopedia. - Vol. II, ed. Philippe Levillain. - Routledge, 2002 .-- P. 929.
- ↑ Eamon Duffy . Saints & Sinners: A History of the Popes. - Yale University Press, 2006 .-- P. 236.
- ↑ George L. Williams . Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes. - McFarland & Company, 1998 .-- P. 75.
Links
- Leo, popes // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Leo XI (Alessandro Ottaviano Medici) on allvatican.ru .
- Pope Leo XI. // Catholic Encyclopedia. - N. Y .: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.