Ludwig Büchner ( German: Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner ; September 29, 1824 , Darmstadt - May 1, 1899 , ibid. ) - German doctor, naturalist and philosopher, brother of the writers Georg , Alexander and Louise Büchner .
| Ludwig Buchner | |
|---|---|
| Friedrich Karl Christian Ludwig Büchner | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Darmstadt , Germany |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | Darmstadt , Germany |
| A country | |
| Occupation | , , , , , |
Content
Biography
Born on September 29, 1824 in Darmstadt in the family of a doctor. He was the fifth child in the family (only 8 children). Almost all of Buchner's brothers and sisters were distinguished by outstanding abilities and talents. His nephew was Ernst Büchner (1850–1924), the inventor chemist.
He studied at the University of Giessen . Büchner, being a German, was so fluent in French that he delivered speeches, lectured and made presentations to the French public.
Ludwig Buchner is the largest representative of the materialist trend in European philosophy of the second half of the 19th century. F. Engels , wanting to emphasize the differences between Marxist philosophy, called L. Büchner (and with him K. Focht and J. Moleshott ) “vulgar” materialists (Büchner held the positions of mechanistic materialism). Büchner entered the philosophy rather as a popularizer of positive scientific achievements, used innovative for that time, saturated with examples and arguments style. This is partly why his main work, Strength and Matter (which had 17 editions in Russia until 1905), is perceived more as a philosophical pamphlet in defense of materialism than the development of an original concept. The public position of L. Buchner, his desire to convey the ideas of progress and achievement of science to the very social lower classes is, in essence, a continuation of the line of French materialists of the 18th century Enlightenment. He criticized social Darwinism [4] , considering it unacceptable to extrapolate the principle of survival of the fittest to modern society.
Author of the works "Man According to Science", "Love and Loving Relationships of the Animal World" (1881) and many others. His work “Strength and Matter” (1855) was especially widely known. He criticized the position of Karl Focht that the brain releases thought, just as the liver is bile [5] .
Buchner's opponents were Janet et al.
In 1881 he founded the “ German Union of Freethinkers ” (Deutscher Freidenkerbund) [6] .
Compositions
- The Art of Living Long (1892)
- Nature and Science (1881)
- Strength and Matter (1855)
- The mental life of animals (1902)
- Darwinism and Socialism (1907)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118667939 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ L. Buchner. Darwinism and socialism or the struggle for existence and modern society / trans. with him. Yu. Bem. - St. Petersburg: printing house of A. S. Suvorin, 1907.
- ↑ “ Strength and Matter ”, St. Petersburg. 1907, p. 161
- ↑ Royle, Edward. Radicals, Secularists, and republicans: popular freethought in Britain, 1866-1915 . - Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1980 .-- ISBN 0-7190-0783-6 .
Literature
- Lange F. A. The history of materialism and criticism of its significance in the present. - Moscow, 1883, 1900, 2 vols.
- History of Philosophy. T. 3. - Moscow, 1959 (see name index).
- Bakradze K. Essays on the history of the new and latest modern bourgeois philosophy. - Tbilisi, 1960 .-- ch. 1. - p. 26-56.
- Engels F. Dialectics of nature.
- Engels F. Anti-Dühring.
- Gregory, F. (1977) 'Scientific versus Dialectical Materialism: a Clash of Ideologies in Nineteenth Century German Radicalism', Isis 68: 206-23.
Links
- N.M. Knipovich . Buchner, Friedrich-Karl-Christian // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.