1962 in science

In 1962 there were various scientific and technological events, some of which are presented below.

Content

The scientific journal Applied Physics Letters is established .
February 2 - a parade of planets in which seven of the eight planets of the solar system participated ( Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , as well as Pluto ).
February 20 - the orbital flight of John Glenn ( USA ) - the Mercury program .
March 16 - the military satellite Cosmos-1 was launched.
- May 25 - ceased to exist, burning in dense layers of the atmosphere.
July 10 - Telstar, an American artificial Earth satellite , launched into orbit.
July 17 - The American X-15 aircraft , piloted by Robert White , first crossed the border of space (50 miles according to the classification of the US Air Force ).
August 10 - Vilnius Planetarium began to work.
August 11 - at 11:30 Moscow time in the Soviet Union, the Vostok-3 spacecraft, piloted by cosmonaut Major Andriyan Nikolayev, was launched into Earth’s satellite orbit.
August 12 - Vostok-4 spaceship with Pavel Popovich. The world's first group flight of two ships was completed.
August 27 - the American automatic interplanetary station Mariner-2 was launched.

English physicist Brian Josephson discovered the effect , which received his name.
For the first time, the mineral zavaritskit is described.

Nobel Prize
- Physics - Lev Davidovich Landau - "For pioneering work in the theory of condensed matter, especially liquid helium."
- Chemistry - John Cowdery Kendrew and Max Ferdinand Perutz - “For the study of the structure of globular proteins . They discovered something that no one had previously seen - it was a three-dimensional structure of a protein molecule in all its complexity. "
- Medicine and Physiology - Francis Crick , James Dewey Watson , Maurice Hug Frederick Wilkins

Balzan Award
- Mathematics: Andrei Kolmogorov (USSR)
- Biology: Carl von Frisch (Austria)
- History: (USA)
- Music: Paul Hindemith (Germany)
- Humanity, peace and brotherhood between nations: Pope John XXIII (Italy)

Grand Gold Medal named after M.V. Lomonosov
- Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov - for a set of works in the field of chemistry .

March 24 - Auguste Picard is a Swiss researcher, physicist, inventor of the stratostat and bathyscaphe , designer of the bathyscaphe Trieste .
August 9 - Hermann Hesse , German writer , Nobel Prize winner in literature in 1946 .
November 18 - Niels Henrik David Bohr Danish theoretical physicist and public figure, one of the founders of modern physics.
December 20 - Emil Artin is a German and American mathematician of Armenian descent.