1982 in science

• March 10 - a rare parade of planets - all nine planets ( Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , Neptune and Pluto ) gathered on one side of the Sun , the maximum difference of the heliocentric ecliptic longitudes of the planets was 95 degrees ^[1] .
• June 17 - the first flight of the Ka-50 helicopter.
• June 24 - Soyuz T-6 launched with the first French astronaut on board ( Jean-Loup Chretien ).
• July 6 - a lunar eclipse lasting 236 minutes, of which a total eclipse of 106 minutes, the longest in the 20th century.
• August 17 - the first compact discs (CDs) are presented to the public in Germany .
• August 19 - the Soviet manned spacecraft Soyuz T-7 was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome .
• December 2 - For the first time, a permanent artificial heart was transplanted to a patient at the University of Utah. 61-year-old pensioner Barney Clark lived with this device for 112 days.
• December 24 - the largest serial cargo plane in the world An-124 Ruslan made its first flight.

No exact dates

• Soviet astronauts managed to grow several flowers at the Salyut-7 orbital station ^[2] .
• The age of Granite Oak , one of the oldest trees in Europe (1637 years old at that time), was determined.

Discoveries

• April 8 - quasicrystals were discovered by Dan Shechtman in experiments on electron diffraction on a rapidly cooled Al ₆ Mn alloy , for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2011.

Inventions

• Artificial heart : Robert Jarvik (development and implantation of a practical modification of Jarvic-7 based on prototypes.
• Laser weapons ( Omega-2M ).

New kinds of animals

• Animals described in 1982

• Nobel Prize
  • Physics - Kenneth Wilson - “For the theory of critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions”
  • Chemistry - Aaron Klug - “For the development of a method of crystallographic electron microscopy and clarification of the structure of biologically important nucleic acid – protein complexes”
  • Medicine and Physiology - Sune Bergstrom , Bengt Samuelson , John Wayne - “For discoveries regarding prostaglandins and biologically active substances close to them”
  • Economics - George Stigler - “For pioneering research on industrial structures, the functioning of markets, the causes and results of government regulation”
  • Literature - Gabriel Garcia Marquez - “For novels and short stories in which fantasy and reality, when combined, reflect the life and conflicts of a whole continent”
  • Peace Prize - Alva Myrdal , Alfonso Garcia Robles - “For a major contribution to the cause of disarmament”
• Balzan Award
  • Social Sciences: Jean-Baptiste Durozel (France)
  • Pure and Applied Botany: Kenneth Vivian Timann (UK - USA)
  • Ancient Sciences: Massimo Pallottino (Italy)
• Turing Award
  • Stephen Arthur Cook - “For the significant progress he has made in understanding the complexity of computing . His work laid the foundation for the theory of NP-completeness . The study of the properties and boundaries of this class has become one of the most important areas of the theory of computer systems over the past ten years. "
• Fields Prize
  • Yau Shintan ( China ).
  • Alain Conn ( France ).
  • William Thurston ( USA ).
• Grand Gold Medal named after M.V. Lomonosov
  • Julius Borisovich Khariton - for outstanding achievements in the field of physics.
  • Dorothy Hodgkin (professor, member of the Royal Society of London) - for outstanding achievements in the field of biochemistry and crystal chemistry .

• July 29 - Vladimir Zvorykin , Russian inventor in the field of television