Kanishka I ( bactr. Κανηϸκι [ Kaniš̟ka -] [1] , ancient Chinese 迦 腻 色 伽) - the most famous king of Kushan , who ruled at the beginning of the 2nd century AD e [2] .
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Under Kanishka, the Kushan kingdom reached its climax, turning into a large empire with its capital in Peshawar (the ancient name of the city is Purushapura), which includes a significant part of Central Asia ( Bactria and southeast Sogdiana with Bukhara and Samarkand ), the Ferghana Valley , part of East Turkestan ( Tarim basin, the modern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the PRC with Yarkend, Khotan and Kashgar), modern Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as northern India. The Kanishka empire flourished in the military-political, economic and spiritual aspects, being the main stronghold of Greek Buddhism . The years of reign of Kanishka are usually placed in chronological frames from 100 to 144 n. e.
Kanishka, who came from the Yuezhi people known to the ancient Chinese, was the great-grandson of the founder of the dynasty, Kujuly Kadfiz ( Kadfiz I ). Along with Ashoka and Menander, Kanishka is considered to be one of the greatest rulers who promoted Buddhism (discussions are underway about the religion of Kanishka himself; it is possible that he was a Zoroastrian, and not a Buddhist proper). On the coins of Kanishka’s time, there are images from Hindu, Buddhist, Greek, Zoroastrian and even Sumero-Elamite mythological traditions. However, Kanishka’s reign helped strengthen the position of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia. Thanks to him, the Gandhar tradition in Greek-Buddhist art and architecture was established and the Fourth Buddhist Cathedral was held.
At the court, Kanishka became famous as a thinker and poet Ashvaghosh , the author of “Buddacharita” (the canonized biography of Buddha Siddhartha Gautama Shakyamuni) and one of the patriarchs of Buddhism [3] .
Cultural Image
In honor of the great Kushan king, the aircraft was named flight 182 of Air India (Toronto-New Delhi), exploded on June 23, 1985 over the Atlantic Ocean off the Irish coast. The terrorist attack killed 329 people, including 80 children and 280 Canadian citizens, and it was recognized as the largest terrorist attack in Canadian history.
Notes
- ↑ Edelman D.I. Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages / Institute of Linguistics, RAS . - M .: Publishing company "Eastern Literature" RAS, 2011. - T. 4 (i — k). - S. 222. - 416 p. - 800 copies. - ISBN 5-02-018124-2 , ISBN 978-5-02-036478-3 . (in per.)
- ↑ A. S. Sagdullaev, V. A. Kostetsky. Ancient world history. - 4th, corrected and supplemented. - Tashkent: Yangiyo'l Poligraf Servis, 2013 .-- S. 137-138. - 192 p. - ISBN 978-9943-4221-4-8 .
- ↑ see Huineng. Altar Sutra. Translation by N.V. Abaev, ch. 50, where he is called the eighteenth Buddhist patriarch - in the book: N.V. Abaev. Chan Buddhism and the culture of mental activity in medieval China. M. 1989)