Bychkov, Athanasius Fedorovich

Came from a noble family of Brittany-Bychkov Yaroslavl province . Father - artillery officer, lieutenant general Fedor Nikolaevich Bychkov (1793-1883); mother - Varvara Afanasevna Obrucheva (1793-1826).

Born and spent his childhood in Finland. At the age of 15 he entered the Noble boarding school at the Demidov School in Yaroslavl , which in 1834 was attached to the Yaroslavl Gymnasium . At the end of the gymnasium with a gold medal in 1836, he entered the University of Moscow at first at the Faculty of Medicine, but began to study at the Faculty of History and Philology (at that time - the 1st department of the Faculty of Philosophy). He studied Russian history with Professor M.P. Pogodin . As a student, he composed: “ Index to the work of N. S. Artsybashev, “ Narration about Russia ” ” (1838); in 1839 he was awarded a silver medal for his thesis “ On the Influence of External Nature on the People and the State ”.

Upon graduation from the university in 1840 , on the recommendation of M.P. Pogodin, he, along with N.V. Kalachov , was appointed to the Archeographic Commission on October 7. At the same time as working in the commission, he taught Russian literature in the Noble Regiment in 1841-1850. In 1844 he was appointed curator of the Department of Manuscripts and Old-Printed Church Slavonic Books of the Public Library - in place of A. Kh. Vostokov . Getting started, he began compiling an inventory catalog. In 1850, the Systematic Catalog of Manuscripts and Autographs prepared by him was published in 21 volumes.

From 1848 to 1862 A.F. Bychkov headed the Russian branch of the library; since 1853, he often corrected the position of assistant director and in 1868 was appointed assistant director. From March 30, 1859 - with the rank of full state adviser , from January 1, 1870 - Privy Councilor ^[1] .

After becoming the custodian of the Public Library, he did not stop his work in the Archaeographic Commission: in 1854-1873 he was the chief editor of the PSRL publication ^[2] , in 1865-1873 he was the ruler of affairs, and in 1891 he became chairman of the commission.

On behalf of the Ministry of Public Education A.F. Bychkov made a conclusion about the M.P. Pogodin Timber Storage (ancient icons , crosses, coins, finds from the barrows , a rich collection of old printed books and manuscripts). It served as the basis for the acquisition by the state of this collection, and after its purchase the book collection of Pogodin entered the Public Library in 1852. On December 13 of the same year, the library was visited by Emperor Nicholas I and examined the collection of Pogodin. Bychkov began work on a description of this collection: in 1878-1882, a " Description of Church Slavonic and Russian manuscript collections of the Imperial Public Library " was published, but the work remained unfinished.

In addition to working in the Public Library and the Archaeographic Commission, Bychkov was involved in work in the II Department of E.I. office (since 1850) ^[3] ; He also participated in the commission of the Main Committee on the development of the regulation on peasant reform of 1861 , in the commission on the organization of archives , the drafting of statutes on the transformation of the judicial part (1862-1864), and the draft Charter on Typography (1863). In 1862, he was included in the commission for the analysis and description of the archives of the Holy Synod , and in January 1866 he became its chairman.

Since 1872 he participated in the preparation of the collection "Letters and Papers of Emperor Peter the Great" - St. Petersburg: State. type., 1887-1918. Already in 1872, he printed the Letters of Peter the Great, stored in the Imperial Public Library .

April 22, 1882 was appointed director of the Public Library. Over the period of his directorship, library funds replenished 673,291 units of storage (among them - 505,399 titles in 579,978 volumes, 2,546 maps and plans, 21,959 prints and photographs, 53,368 manuscripts and autographs). Bychkov began work on the construction of a new library building. On November 30, 1890, the emperor approved the plan and facade of the building, which they decided to place on Alexandria Square as an extension to the old building. The project was carried out by the architect E. S. Vorotilov on September 1, 1896, construction began, which was completed after the death of Athanasius Bychkov.

In 1888, Bychkov became a member of the Council of the Minister of Education, and in 1890 a member of the State Council of the Russian Empire . He died on April 2 (14), 1899 , was buried at the Nikolsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra ^[4] .

His son Ivan followed in his father's footsteps and also devoted his life to science, becoming a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences ^[5] .

• Imperial Academy of Sciences : 1855 - elected a corresponding member , since 1866 extraordinary academician, since 1869 ordinary academician, since 1893 chairman of the Department of Russian Language and Literature;
• The Russian Historical Society (one of its founders, a member of the Council and, since 1882, an assistant to the chairman);
• Russian Archaeological Society (from 1846; in 1874-1885 - manager of the department of Slavic-Russian archeology; from 1885 - assistant to the chairman); On March 8, 1889, society honored the merits of A. F. Bychkov by awarding him a gold medal;
• Imperial Geographical Society - Member of the Council;
• honorary member of all Theological Academies in Russia;
• member of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries in Copenhagen, the Swedish Archaeological Society, the Royal Historical Society of Great Britain, the Hellenic Philological Society in Constantinople and other Russian and foreign societies.

• Order of St. Vladimir 3rd Art. (1862)
• Order of St. Stanislav 1st Art. (1864)
• Order of St. Anne 1st Art. (1866)

• Guide to the Imperial Public Library, 1852;
• About Vedomosti stored in the Public Library 1705, 1706 and 1707. - SPb .: type. N. Grech, qualification 1853. - 19 p.
• A note on the life of the Monk Kirill Novozyersky , 1859;
• The Life of Rev. Irinarch of Rostov , 1859;
• Description of St. Petersburg and Kronshlot in the 1710th and 1711th years / Trans. with him. [BUT. F. Bychkova] with approx. - SPb .: Publ. bk, 1860. - XIV, 108 p .;
• Catalog of coins donated to the Imperial Archaeological Society by Privy Councilor H. Ya. Lazarev. - SPb .: type. Imp. Acad. sciences, qualification 1861;
• The Life of Rev. Martinian Belozersky , 1862;
• Brief chronicler Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra, 1865;
• Fragments of the Gospel of the XI century, 1865;
• About some more remarkable manuscripts of the library of the Yaroslavl Spassky Monastery , 1867;
• Note on the work of Gorsky and Nevostruev "Description of Slavic manuscripts of the Moscow Synodal Library", 1867;
• Index to eight volumes of the complete collection of Russian chronicles, 1868 (together with Barsukov N.P. ).
• On the dictionaries of Russian writers of Metropolitan Eugene. Reading by A.F. Bychkov. - SPb .: type. Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1868. - 72 p .;
• About Krylov's fables in translations into foreign languages . - SPb .: type. Imp. Acad. sciences, [1869];
• Report on inspected monastery libraries and archives in the Yaroslavl province (1867-1870), 1871;
• Letters of Peter the Great, stored in the Imperial Public Library and a description of the manuscripts contained in it ... / [Preface. and comment. A.F. Bychkova]. - St. Petersburg, 1872;
• Letters and papers of Empress Catherine II, stored in the Imperial Public Library . - St. Petersburg, 1873;
• Papers of Emperor Peter I. - St. Petersburg, 1873;
• Index to the eight volumes of the Full Collection of Russian Annals, published by the Highest Command by the Archaeographic Commission. T. 1: (A - I). - SPb .: Type. brother. Panteleev, 1875;
• Count M.A. Korf. Obituary / [Op.] Acad. A.F. Bychkova. - St. Petersburg., Qualification 1876.20 s.
• About the newly found parchment gospel list . - SPb .: type. Imp. Acad. Sciences, [1877]. - 16 p .;
• Bibliographic list of essays and publications of the ordinary academician of the Academy of Sciences I. I. Sreznevsky. On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of his scientific activity. - SPb .: type. Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1879. - 38 p.

• Bychkov Afanasy Fedorovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Golubeva O. D. Bychkov Afanasy Fedorovich (biographical sketch on the website of the Russian National Library ) (Retrieved January 22, 2019)
• Academician Afanasy Fedorovich Bychkov. Fifty-year-old scientist of his activity // Russian antiquity . - T. LXVIII. - book. X. - 1890. (with an extensive bibliography of the works of A.F. Bychkov)
• Bychkov Afanasy Fedorovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : At 25 tons / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov. 1896-1918.
• Bychkov Afanasy Fyodorovich / Rozov N.N. // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Almanac of modern Russian statesmen . - SPb. : Type of. Isidore Goldberg, 1897. - S. 94-96.
• Imperial Moscow University: 1755-1917: Encyclopedic Dictionary / A. Yu. Andreev , D. A. Tsygankov. - M .: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 2010. - P. 109-110. - 894 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8243-1429-8 .

• Profile of Athanasius Fedorovich Bychkov on the official website of the RAS
• Bychkov Afanasy Fedorovich (neopr.) . Chronicle of Moscow University . Date of treatment August 28, 2017.
• Historical background on the website of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Russian historical society. The film "Bychkov. Two portraits ”from the cycle:“ Present-Past ” (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 6, 2019.