The cobol ( COBOL , COmmon Business Oriented Language ) is one of the oldest programming languages (the first version was released in 1959 ), intended primarily for developing business applications. The Cobol project was led by Grace Hopper (“Grandma Kobola”). Practically from the very birth, Kobol is an ANSI standardized programming language.
| Cobol | |
|---|---|
| Language class | procedural , object oriented |
| Appeared in | 1959 |
| Author | Grace Hopper , William Selden, Gertrude Tierney, Howard Bromberg, Howard Discount, Vernon Reeves, Jean E. Summet |
| Developer | , and |
| File extension | , or |
| Release | |
| Type system | strict , static |
| Basic implementations: | OpenCOBOL , Micro Focus International |
| Dialects | HP3000 COBOL / II, COBOL / 2, IBM OS / VS COBOL, IBM COBOL / II, IBM COBOL SAA, IBM Enterprise COBOL, IBM COBOL / 400, IBM ILE COBOL, Unix COBOL X / Open, Micro Focus COBOL, Microsoft COBOL, Ryan McFarland RM / COBOL, Ryan McFarland RM / COBOL-85, DOSVS COBOL, UNIVAC COBOL, Realia COBOL, Fujitsu COBOL, ICL COBOL, ACUCOBOL-GT, DEC VAX COBOL, Wang VS COBOL, Visual COBOL |
| Experienced influence | FLOW-MATIC , COMTRAN , FACT |
| Influenced by | PL / I , CobolScript , ABAP |
Object-oriented programming and other modern language constructs have been added to the 2002 language standard in Cobol [2] .
Kobol is usually criticized for its verbosity and cumbersome, since one of the goals of the language creators was to bring the constructions as close as possible to the English language (as far back as 2006, Kobol was considered the programming language in which the most lines of code [3] were written), so Dykstra’s statement is widely known “ Using Kobol cripples the mind. His teaching, therefore, should be considered a criminal offense . ” At the same time, Kobol had excellent tools for working with data structures and files . It became the first language in which the “ record ” data type appeared [4] , which provided him with a long life in business applications, at least in the USA .
By 1997, about 240 billion lines of code were actively used on Cobol, the code on Cobol processed about 90% of financial transactions in the world and 75% of commercial transactions, the total value of the code used is $ 2 trillion [5] .
Hello world
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION .
PROGRAM-ID . HELLO-WORLD .
*
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION .
*
DATA DIVISION .
*
PROCEDURE DIVISION .
PARA-1 .
DISPLAY "Hello, world." .
*
EXIT PROGRAM .
END PROGRAM HELLO-WORLD .
Notes
- ↑ http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=51416
- ↑ Oliveira, Rui. The Power of Cobol. - City: BookSurge Publishing, 2006. - ISBN 0620346523 .
- ↑ Ten endangered IT professions
- ↑ Programming language Kobol , Computer technology and its application № 10'88
- ↑ Is Your Next Language COBOL?
Literature
- Robert In Sebest. 2.6. Computerization of commercial records: the COBOL language // Basic concepts of programming languages = Concepts of Programming Languages. - 5th ed. - M .: “Williams” , 2001. - p. 672. - ISBN 5-8459-0192-8 .
- Standards
- ISO / IEC 1989: 2002 Information technology - Programming languages - COBOL
- GOST 22558-89 programming language COBOL
- Babenko L. P., Bogdanova G. S., Zaguzova L. K., Pervin Yu. A., Romanovskaya L. M., Yushchenko E. L. State Standard 22558-77 “Kobol Programming Language”. GC standards of the USSR, M., 1977.