An electrical circuit is a document drawn up in the form of conditional images or designations of the components of a product operating with the help of electrical energy , and their interconnections. Electrical circuits are a type of product circuitry and are indicated in the cipher of the main inscription with the letter E.
The rules for the implementation of all types of electrical circuits are established by GOST 2.702-75 (not valid, replaced by 2.702-2011), when performing digital computer circuits, GOST 2.708-81 is guided.
Content
Structural Wiring Diagrams
Developed at the first stage of design . Structural diagrams show the main elements ( transformers , power lines, switchgears - in the form of rectangles). This type of circuit gives a general idea of the operation of the electrical installation.
Functional Wiring Diagrams
Functional electrical circuits - These are the most general circuits in relation to the level of abstraction and usually show only functional connections between the components of a given object and revealing its essence and giving an idea of the functions of the object depicted in this drawing . There are no standards in the image of the graphic symbols of these schemes. Only the general requirements for the design documentation or technological documentation apply.
Schematic diagrams
Schematic diagrams are drawings showing the full electrical and magnetic and electromagnetic connections of the elements of an object, as well as the parameters of the components that make up the object depicted in the drawing. Here there are many standards for the design of drawings, as well as for conventional graphic images of components. In the territory of the former USSR, a state standard is in force, but with the advent of fundamentally new components, it was necessary to deviate from the standards, since there are simply no conditional images, so there really isn’t the most common standard for UGO. In foreign countries, IEC , DIN and ANSI standards and other national standards have been adopted, but in practice, manufacturers often use corporate standards, but this drawing does not take into account the overall dimensions and location of parts of the object. In power engineering, both single-line and complete circuits are used.
This type of circuit is intended mainly for the most complete understanding of all processes occurring in a circuit or in a section of a circuit, as well as for calculating the parameters of components.
In terms of abstraction, they occupy a middle position between functional and installation.
Wiring Diagrams
Wiring diagrams are drawings showing the actual location of components both inside and outside the object shown in the diagram. Designed mainly so that you can make an object. It takes into account the arrangement of circuit components and electrical connections (electrical wires and cables). Only the general requirements for the design documentation are valid.
Cable Plans
Cable plans are drawings showing the location and brands of electrical wires and cables. Only the general requirements for the design documentation are valid.
Topological circuitry
Topological electrical circuits are drawings showing the location of the components of the depicted object. In microelectronics, this is usually a microcrystal drawing of integrated circuits.
Mnemonic Schemes
Mnemonic schemes are usually posters indicating the real state of the current position of the switching equipment at the object, over which its modes are controlled. Mainly used in control centers at energy facilities.
Currently, it is being actively replaced by computer systems and computerized control and signaling control systems ( SCADA ) with manual control and decision-making functions by the operator.