Aluminothermy ( aluminothermy ; from Lat. Aluminum and Greek. Therme - heat, heat) - a method of producing metals , non-metals (as well as alloys ) by reducing their oxides with aluminum metal:
- 2Al + Cr 2 O 3 = Al 2 O 3 + 2 Cr ;
Fe 2 O 3 + 2Al = 2Fe + Al 2 O 3
In this reaction, a large amount of heat is released, the mixture is heated to 1900-2400 掳 C.
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Application
- 3 See also
- 4 Literature
- 5 Links
History
Aluminothermy (from aluminum and Greek. Th茅rme - heat ), an aluminothermic process, the production of metals and alloys by the reduction of metal oxides with aluminum (see Metallothermy ). The mixture (from powdered materials) is poured into a smelter or crucible and is ignited using the ignition mixture. If a lot of heat is released during recovery, out-of-furnace aluminothermy is carried out, without supplying heat from the outside, high temperature develops (1900-2400 掳 C), the process proceeds at a high speed, the metal and slag formed are well separated. If there is insufficient heat generated, a heating additive is introduced into the charge or melting is carried out in arc furnaces (electric furnace aluminothermy). In the Soviet Union, electric furnace aluminothermy was widespread. Aluminothermy is used to obtain low-carbon alloying alloys of refractory metals - titanium , niobium , zirconium , boron , chromium , etc., for welding rails and steel casting parts; to obtain refractory - termite corundum. Aluminothermy was discovered by the Russian scientist N. N. Beketov (1859), in the industry, the out-of-furnace process was mastered by the German chemist G. Goldschmidt (1898).
Application
Aluminothermy is used to produce chromium , vanadium , manganese , tungsten and other metals and alloys. Termite (a mixture of aluminum powder and iron oxide) is used in welding rails, steel pipes, and metal structures.
See also
- Coal coke
- Termite mixture
Literature
- Pliner Yu.L., Suchilnikov S.I., Rubinstein E.A. Aluminothermic production of ferroalloys and alloys, M., 1963.
Links
- Aluminothermy // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Aluminothermy - an article from the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Metallurgy. - M .: Intermet Engineering. Editor-in-chief N.P. Lyakishev. 2000.