The Church of the Holy Trinity ( Trinity Church ) is an Orthodox church of the Novgorod and Old Russian Diocese . Located in the city of Staraya Russa on the street named after Timur Frunze (formerly called Spaso-Troitskaya). [one]
| Orthodox church | |||
| Holy Trinity Church | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Trinity Church | |||
 Trinity Church in Staraya Russa
| |||
| A country |  Russia | ||
| City | Staraya Russa st. Timur Frunze, 18 | ||
| Denomination | orthodoxy | ||
| Diocese | Novgorod and Old Russian Diocese | ||
| Building type | Church | ||
| Founder | merchant Jacob Trew | ||
| First mention | 1625 | ||
| Founding date | 1680 | ||
| Chapels | John Chrysostom | ||
| condition | acting church | ||
Content
History
The Church of the Holy Trinity is located on the right bank of the city, to the south of the Transfiguration Monastery .
The exact date of construction of the wooden church is not known. But in the first inventory of the city, carried out on the orders of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1625 , it is listed as “Lithuanian people” burned in 1607 (7117). This fact is reflected in the Scribe Book of 1624: Trinity, burned Lithuanian people in the 117th year; along the church place there are twenty sazhen, and across ten ten sazhen ” [2] . For over 70 years, the place has been deserted.
In 1680, the stone church of the Holy Trinity was built at the same place at the expense of the merchant Jacob Treeva. It was consecrated on December 13, 1684 by Metropolitan Kornilii Novgorod and Velikolutsky personally.
June 29, 1759 a fire broke out in the city. The fire spread to the Church of St. John Chrysostom, which stood next to Trinity. Then the church itself caught fire. In the fire burned the holy see, church utensils and robe , but the iconostasis and some icons survived. The church was restored three years later. In the vestibule at the request of the priest Theodosius Savin, a chapel was set up in honor of John Chrysostom , instead of the burnt down Zlatoust church.
The storm that hit the city on June 13, 1836 , caused heavy damage to the temple. From the north-west side, the dome was blown off, which fell near the church, damaging it. The southwestern head reeled and stooped. Large cracks appeared in the walls. By order of the leadership of military settlements , in whose jurisdiction was the city, four side chapters were removed, but this did not stop the destruction of the church. It was only in 1854 that the Emperor Nicholas I granted the highest permission to repair the church while preserving the ancient architecture. The work began under the direction of architect K. A. Ton ( 1794 - 1881 ), the head of the church, Jacob Bulin, and the priest, Father P. Lavrovsky. The builders increased the altar apse, moved the chapel of John Chrysostom from the vestibule to the right apse, strengthened the vaults, built the stands and chapters, pierced an additional lower row of windows. Instead of the old tent made typical chetyrehskatnaya roof. In a renewed form, the temple of the Holy Trinity was consecrated in 1860 , and the chapel of John Chrysostom - in 1865 .
At the church, there was a parish school, where they were taught to read, count, sing church and the Law of God. After the revolution, the school was transformed into the initial four-year school. [one]
Soviet period
In 1929-1937, Vladimir Pylaev , a candidate of theology, served in the Trinity Church, who was shot in 1937 . In the course of collectivization, in January 1930, the summer part of the church was intended, together with the churches of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, Dmitry of Thessalonica, Peter and Paul, and the Transfiguration of the Savior Cathedral, for storing grain of the “future harvest” [3] . In early 1938, the temple was closed and moved to the balance of the city executive committee.
The church suffered greatly during the battles for the city. All roofs and heads were lost, the upper part of the masonry, there were large holes in the walls and through cracks. The porch and apse were dilapidated boxes and were dismantled in the 1960s. The cycle of restoration work was carried out intermittently from 1968 to 1975 under the direction of T. V. Gladenko (1917–1991) [2] . The church was restored by 1980 and transferred to the Museum of local lore, in its premises were held exhibitions of paintings and performances by vocalists, including students of the art school, located opposite the church.
Revival
In 1986–1993, architects G. P. Nikolskaya, under the direction of G. M. Stender (1927–1992), drafted drawings to recreate the vestibule and apses of the 19th century, which were realized after the transfer of the church church [2] . In 1996, the Church of the Holy Trinity was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church . In 1997, consecrated by the Archbishop of Novgorod and Starorussky Leo .
Architecture
The monument is a typical example of a large Posad temple of the second half of the 17th century . The church has rather large sizes: 17 m x 17 m. The shape is cubic, four pillars, three-apsids , five-domed, with a western porch and side tents-tambours. Although at first the porch was somewhat smaller than the existing one. The church is richly decorated with decor. [four]
The walls of the temple have a three-part division, formed by pilasters . Semicircles zakomar separated from the plane of the walls of the cornice of figured bricks. The window openings are decorated with platbands with columns on the sides and at the top - kokoshniki with keel-shaped completion. [five]
Shrines
Among the sights of the Trinity Church were listed (now their fate is not known):
- An eight-pointed altar silver gilded cross of chased work, on the upper side of which is crucified Jesus Christ . On the lower side of the cross, in two circles, are the particles of the relics of the holy martyrs James the Persian and St. Mercury. On the handle there is an inscription stating that the old Russian citizen Nicephorus, the son of Zhitkov, handed over this cross to the temple to his parents in 1682;
- Chalice silver, gilded. Upstairs is cut in a tie: "Receive the body of Christ, taste the source of the deathless." On his pallet there is an inscription: “In 1645, he built these vessels into the Old Rusa, to the Church of the Holy Trinity, Kalistrat Filimonov, to the eternal mention of his parents.”
- Icon of the old letter. The temple image of the Life-giving Trinity in silver riza (weighing more than 13.5 kg) with three gilded crowns.
- Icon of the old letter. The image of the Lord Almighty sitting on the throne, with the upcoming Mother of God , Forerunner and two Archangels .
- The image of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin. On the lower edge of the icon there is an inscription: “In the summer of 1680, icon painters of the Great Novagrad Mikhail Korniliev, Vasily Makarov, Peter Stepanov, Grigory Mikhailov wrote this image.
- The temple image of St. John Chrysostom ancient letters. [6]
Bell Tower
Opposite the Trinity Church, a four-tiered bell tower with a height of almost 32 meters was erected. It was a bell weighing 60 pounds (960 kg). The inscription on it:
In the summer of 1761, the month of September, this bell was poured into the city of Old Russa, to the church of the life-giving Trinity, from old burnt copper, in commemoration of the great fire of June 1759 on the 29th day [6]
The bell tower is not preserved. The document of 1931 states that “the bell tower, due to the impossibility of using it for cultural and social needs, is dismantled for construction” [2] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Gorbanevsky M.V., Emelyanova M.I. Streets of Staraya Russa: History in titles. - M: Medea, 2004. - p. 263-265.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Yadryshnikov V.A. Churches of the Trinity and John Chrysostom // Architecture of Staraya Russa XII - early XX century. - M: "Alliance Archeo", 2010. - p. 198-211. - 408 s. - 800 copies - ISBN 978-5-98874-044-5 .
- ↑ Petrov M.N. Churches - on bricks // Cross under the hammer / V.L. Yanin - Novgorod, 2000. - p. 169. - 446 p. - 1000 copies - ISBN 5-89896-096-1 .
- ↑ Architectural heritage of Veliky Novgorod and the Novgorod region / Compiled and scientific editor M. I. Milchik. - St. Petersburg. The Foundation for Assistance to the Restoration of Monuments of History and Culture "Spas" "Faces of Russia", 2008. - P.443-444.
- ↑ Old Russian museums ./ [Comp. G. N. Arkhipov]. - L.: Lenizdat, 1982. - p.136.
- 2 1 2 Dementieva M. Church of the Holy Trinity // Staraya Russa. - 1996. - 1 June. - C.2.
Literature
- Vyazinin I.N. Staraya Russa in the history of Russia. Novgorod. Publishing house "Cyrillic", 1994. - S.286-287.
- Polyansky M.I. "This city is undoubtedly the oldest in Russia": an illustrated historical-static sketch of the city of Staraya Russa and Starorussky district (adapted edition). - SPb.: Alaborg, 2009. - 224 s., 70 ill. - C.110-112.
- Pylaev V.A. Staraya Russa. - Sergiev Posad. - 1916. - P.46-48.