Pean , ustar. pean ( ancient Greek παιήων, παιάν, παιών ) is a choral lyric song, a genre of ancient Greek poetry . Originally, Pean was a choir song addressed to Apollo , and later to other gods ( Dionysus , Helios , Asclepius ). The exact etymology of the word “pean” is unknown, but its connection with the concept of the art of healing is very likely.
Content
General characteristics
Peanas were choral songs in honor of Apollo as a god-healer, who himself was sometimes called Pean, his sister Artemis and Asclepius , another god-healer. Peanas were performed initially on some extraordinary calamity, such as a pestilence, to ask God for aversion to misfortune or to thank for deliverance from it. Subsequently, the Peans also began to be performed in honor of the other gods and for various reasons. Thus, the Dorians sang the Peans before their campaign, before the departure of the fleet , after the victory. In Attica, songs were sung as peanas when the choir was made to gods or heroes .
The oldest place of prosperity for peans was, apparently, Crete . In mainland Greece (in particular, in Sparta), this kind of poetry was transferred by the poet Falet [1] , whom tradition considers the ancestor of pean as a genre.
Metric
One of the meters was a peon , whose name is associated with the name of the genre ( ancient Greek παιών ; one long syllable, three short ones). The other is the cross , otherwise the amphimacr (long-short-long). The name "kretik" itself, apparently, indicates the Cretan origin of this genre of poetry. For peans in honor of Apollo and Asclepius, the refrain “Ie pean!” ( Ἰή παιάν ) is characteristic .
Divine Name
Pean (Payeon) - in Greek mythology [2] doctor of the gods [3] . Cured Ares [4] . In the Mycenaean era, the god Payavon ( pa-ja-wo-ne ) was worshiped [5] . Later, a separate veneration of it ceased, and the name pean became the epithet of Apollo .
Also mentioned under the name Peon [6] - the healer of the gods. Healer [7] . His descendants are Egyptians [8] .
Notes
- ↑ For details on this, see the following work: Zaikov A.V. Fallet of Crete in Sparta // Issedon: Almanac of Ancient History and Culture. Ekaterinburg, 2002. T. I. p. 16-35.
- ↑ Lubker F. Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. M., 2001. In 3 t. T.3. P.6
- ↑ Homer. The Iliad V 401; Lucian. Talk gods 13, 2
- ↑ Homer. Iliad V 899—904
- ↑ Subject-conceptual dictionary of the Greek language. Mycenaean period. L., 1986. P.143; Notes A.I. Zaitsev in the book. Homer. Iliad. - L .: Science, 1990. - p. 458. - ISBN 5-02-027982-X .
- ↑ Myths of the peoples of the world. M., 1991-92. In 2 t. T.2. P.300
- ↑ Hesiod, fr.307 M.-U.
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey IV 232
Literature
- Pean // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.