Astronomical Observatory of Kazan University

1. 1838 - 1855 Simonov, Ivan Mikhailovich
2. 1855 - 1884 Kovalsky, Marian Albertovich
3. 1884 - 1918 Dubyago, Dmitry Ivanovich
4. 1918 - 1941 Baranov, Vladimir Andreevich
5. 1941 - 1957 Dyukov, Ivan Alexandrovich
6. 1957 - 1959 Dubyago, Alexander Dmitrievich
7. 1959 - 1987 Khabibullin, Shaukat Taipovich
8. since 1987 Sakhibullin, Nail Abdullovich

The Department of Astronomy of the Imperial Kazan University was founded in 1810 by Joseph Johann Litrov. From 1925 to 1946 , along with the Department of Astronomy, there was a Department of Geodesy , which since 1937 was called the Department of Geodesy and Gravimetry . It was headed at different times by K. K. Dubrovsky ( 1925 - 1931 ), A. A. Yakovkin ( 1931 - 1937 ), I. A. Dyukov ( 1937 - 1941 ), A. D. Dubyago ( 1941 - 1946 ). The Department of Astronomy since the end of the 30s was called the Department of Astrometry (Heads V. A. Baranov ( 1937 - 1941 ), I. A. Dyukov ( 1941 - 1947 )). In addition, from 1939 to 1947 , and then from 1951 to 1954, there was a department of astrophysics under the direction of D. Ya. Martynov , and from 1945 - a department of theoretical astronomy under the direction of A.D. Dubyago. In 1947, due to an insufficient student population, four astronomical departments merged into one - the astronomy department under the general supervision of Professor I. A. Dyukov.

• 1811 - Y. I. Litrov proposed the establishment of an observatory at the Department of Astronomy of the Imperial Kazan University
• November 11, 1814 - the beginning of observations at a small observatory (temporary construction) above a stone gatehouse at the University Botanical Garden
• 1822 - the observatory was temporarily housed in a wooden gallery (part of I.M.Simonov’s apartment)
• 1827 - choice of a permanent place for the observatory - university courtyard
• 1833 - the beginning of the construction of the permanent building of the observatory
• 1835 - Order 23 cm (9 in) refractor at Fraunhofer workshop
• 1837 - completion of the permanent building of the observatory
• June 1837 - first observations in the permanent building of the observatory
• 1838 - installation of a 9-inch refractor in a fully movable tower (main)
• April 13, 1838 - the beginning of constant observations in the new building of the observatory (on the Vienna Meridian Circle) - the official date of birth of the university’s astronomical observatory
• February 23, 1885 - a time service was formed: a clock was displayed in the department window showing the exact Kazan average time

• I.M.Simonov ( 1838 - 1840 ): Uranus , Ceres , (2) Pallas , stars in the meridian, meteorological observations , magnetic declination
• M.V. Lyapunov ( 1840 - 1850 ): minor planets , stars up to 7 stars. Vel., Orion Nebula
• M. A. Kovalsky ( 1863 - 1869 ): a catalog of stars up to 10th magnitude according to the international program for sky sections from 90 to 80 degrees in declination (4200 stars); The sun and stars to study refraction on the horizon , Neptune astrometry
• In 1874, at the observatory of Kazan University, observations were made of the passage of Venus on the solar disk
• A.V. Krasnov ( 1895 - 1898 ): the physical libration of the Moon , based on observations of the Mösting A crater on a heliometer, the positions of binary stars and giant planets , the minor planet (247) Eucratus , gravimetry (the exact value of the acceleration of gravity for the Kazan cellar city ​​observatory)
• Ya. P. Kornukh-Trotsky ( 1890 - 1898 ): observations on the meridian circle of stars to determine the exact time and the moon , on a refractor - an eclipse of the sun , satellites of Jupiter and moon coverage, on a passenger instrument monitored the variability of the latitude of the Kazan observatory. Since 1896, he was given a large refractor for observing binary stars.
• V. A. Baranov ( 1892 - 1901 ): was a pioneer in observations of the variability of latitude.
• D. I. Dubyago ( 1892 - 1901 ): systematic observations of minor planets , comets and binary stars.
• On February 10, 1901, a new star in Perseus (a new Perseus of 1901 , regardless of the official discoverer of Anderson in Edinburgh) was noticed by professorship scholarship Ivanovsky and student Pisarev.

Soon after the end of World War II, optical observations at the Kazan University City Observatory were discontinued due to the high illumination of the central part of the city. On the basis of the Department of Astronomy of KSU, undergraduate and graduate students are taught, as well as scientific works.

• “Study of the physics of celestial bodies”: modeling of stellar spectra based on the rejection of LTE (supervisor Prof. N. A. Sakhibullin)
• "Coordinate-temporal support of astronomy and geodesy": study of the movement of comets , meteors , asteroids ; observing stars and creating star catalogs; studies of the variability of latitude and refraction anomalies (supervisor Prof. N. G. Rizvanov).

• Merz Refractor ( German Merz ) manufactured by Fraunhofer , D = 9-inch, F = 4 meters (astrometry, visual coverage of stars with the Moon)
• Repsold Heliometer
• George Dollond's Pipe (a portable instrument for observing moon coverings of stars)
• Vienna Meridian Circle (after the fire of 1842 , replaced by a new one ordered by the German master Repsold)
• Equatorial
• Large tool
• Exact time clock (from February 23, 1885 )

• Dubyago, Dmitry Ivanovich
• Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich
• Kovalsky, Marian Albertovich
• Lyapunov, Mikhail Vasilievich
• Simonov, Ivan Mikhailovich
• Martynov, Dmitry Yakovlevich
• Poretsky, Platon Sergeevich - worked at the Kazan Observatory in 1876-1889. First, an observer astronomer, since 1886 in the post of privat-docent ^[2] .

• On May 4, 1983 in Kazan, a successful observation of the coverage of a star of 8.6 stars was carried out. led. asteroid (2) Pallas . Observed this phenomenon V. Kapkov. This was the first reliable observation of the coverage of a star by an asteroid in Russia and the fourth within the borders of the USSR . ^[3]

• I.M.Simonov from 1819 to 1821 was a member of the Bellingshausen and Lazarev expeditions around the world , which for the first time in history approached the ice shelves of Antarctica . Simonov, as a guest astronomer, determined the geographical coordinates of the discovered islands and the coast . In honor of Ivan Mikhailovich one of the islands described in the South Pacific was named.
• The 23 cm refractor is the largest in Russia from the Fraunhofer workshop.

• Astrometry of minor planets of the observatory from 1850 to 1949
• History of the observatory
• Google Observatory on Google Maps

• Kazan University
• Astronomical Observatory named after V.P. Engelhardt
• North Caucasus Astronomical Station, Kazan University
• Astronomy in Russia
• List of Astronomical Instruments