Rarity ( German Rarität , from Latin raritas - rarity [1] ) - in philately a very rare postage stamp (or its kind) [2] , as well as very rare postmark , whole thing or the whole thing that currently exist in a small number of copies and constitute a valuable collection item. Of particular importance is the determination of the rarity of philatelic materials when judging members of the philatelic exhibition of exhibits .
Content
| Examples of philatelic rarities and rare postage stamps | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| British Guiana ( unique ) | Yellow trehskillingovik (unique) | Pink Mauritius (unique) | Blue Mauritius ( rarity world class ) | Hawaiian missionaries (rarity world class) | The whole thing (unique): a copy of the newspaper with stamped Bull Heads (stamps themselves are considered rare ) |
Description
Philatelists conditionally divide all philatelic materials into “light” (which is easy to get into a collection through acquisition or exchange) and “heavy” (which are rare, permanently and permanently settle in private collections and museums). To distinguish such stamps, stamps, whole or whole things among others, they were called "rarities" [3] . Examples of famous rarities are the first brands of the island of Mauritius [2] .
In the definitions of rarity, various sources highlight such signs as “rarity”, “value for the collection” [4] .
Classification
Depending on the known number of existing copies, rarities are divided into a number of categories. Among them, the following stand out (with gradation in degree of rarity):
- Unique . This is the name of the postage stamp (or its kind ), as well as the stamp, the whole or the whole thing, which are known in only one copy. An example of a unique one is the famous brand of British Guiana , known as “Pink Guiana” [2] .
- Rarity world class 1 class . These include collectibles , known only in the amount of 2-10 pieces.
- Rarity world class 2 class. These include collectibles, which have survived to this day in the amount of 11-30 copies.
- A rare brand (as well as a postmark, whole or the whole thing). This category includes philatelic materials that exist in the amount of 1,001–3,000 copies [5] . According to information from Sputnik Philatelist (1974) [6] , by the mid-1970s, 483 rare stamps were known to exist, of which only about 1% had indisputable postal functions and did not belong to varieties.
Rareness
The concept of rarity is associated with the concept of the degree of rarity. E. Sashenkov (2002) [7] writes:
| ... "Rarity" is subordinated in the world philately to a conventional rating scale. Just a rarity - this is when 11 to 25 copies are known; unique - one famous instance. |
The degree of rarity is sometimes indicated by letters-symbols: from "P" to "RRRR" , as, for example, in the catalogs of Zemstvo postage stamps of Russia published at the beginning of the 20th century by K. Schmidt and F. Chuchin .
The degree of rarity of a particular issue is determined not only by the small circulation of the issue, but also by its actual presence (that is, the number of preserved copies of the brand) [8] .
Reasons for appearance
- Rarity by age.
- Rarity due to specially lowered circulation.
- Typographic marriage.
- An exclusive story (which again comes down to a small print run).
In Literature and Cinema
- The following mention of philatelic rarities in the story of Alexander Galich “General rehearsal” (1974) [9] is interesting:
| Uncle Mesh made a contemptuous grin. - Your Majesty! He said, finishing me off completely, since neither before nor after had anyone called me a “gracious sovereign”, “I have been practicing philately for more than forty years ... Only recently I managed to get the Russian Telegraph for the first time [10] - and that’s pretty bad safety! I know collectors - real collectors who have never been lucky to get this rarity in their entire lives ... What is "rarity" I did not know, but I did not care. |
- The story of the rare quarter block of pure stamps “Pink Mercury” formed the basis of the book of the same name by the Czechoslovak writer František Langer ( Czech František Langer , 1888-1965).
- "Charade" is an American detective film ( 1963 ; with the participation of Audrey Hepburn ), the plot of which is played around three rare stamps known as the " Yellow Trehkilling ", " Hawaiian Missionaries " and " Bull Heads " [11] [12] .
- “The death of the philatelist ” is a Soviet feature film produced by the Georgia Film Studio ( 1969 ) about the theft of philatelic rarities.
- Nine Queens is an Argentine crime drama ( 2000 ) about a fraudulent operation selling rare stamps.
See also
- Ferrarity
- Philatelist
Notes
- ↑ Rarity - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia . .
- ↑ 1 2 3 The reader asks - we answer // Philately of the USSR . - 1976. - No. 10. - S. 27.
- ↑ Kornyukhin A.E. Under the sails of philately. - M .: Communication, 1975 .-- S. 4 .-- 96 p. (Retrieved November 26, 2009)
- ↑ Rarity // Philatelic Dictionary / V. Grahlert, V. Grushke; Abbr. per. with him. Yu. M. Sokolova and E.P. Sashenkova. - M .: Communication, 1977 .-- S. 167. - 271 p. - 63,000 copies.
- ↑ Rarity // Large philatelic dictionary / Under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. - M .: Radio and communications, 1988 .-- 320 p. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 . (Retrieved November 26, 2009)
- ↑ Sokolov M.P., Niselevich L.M. Companion philatelist / All-Union Society of Philatelists . - Ed. 2nd, add. and reslave. - M .: Communication, 1974.- 241 p. [Cm. photos of the book: [1] (unavailable link) , [2] (unavailable link) , [3] (unavailable link) .] (Retrieved January 7, 2009)
- ↑ Sashenkov E. Postal rarities: beloved and real // Antiques: objects of art and collectibles. - 2002. - No. 3. (Retrieved March 10, 2016)
- ↑ Gavits G. On the rarity of Russian zemstvo marks . Archive of mailing "Russian zemstvo postage stamps" . Alexey Vinogradov; Mailing Lists @ Mail.ru : Mailing List Service (June 20, 2003). Date of treatment November 26, 2009. Archived April 11, 2012.
- ↑ Cit. by: Galich A. Passion for the Russian Telegraph // Mark . - 2002. - No. 3. (Retrieved November 26, 2009)
- ↑ This is the first telegraphic mark of Russia (1866).
- ↑ Trivia . Charade (1963) . IMDb.com, Inc. Date of treatment February 5, 2015. Archived on September 8, 2012.
- ↑ Moraes, Frank. Just Philately . LMNucleus . Frankly Curious (August 27, 2011). Date of treatment February 5, 2015. Archived on February 5, 2015.
Literature
- Gakov V. Prilypaly with a pedigree // Kommersant Money . - 2002. - No. 46 (401). - November 26th. (Retrieved November 26, 2009)
- Kudryashov N. Rarities and collections // Science and life . - 1998. - No. 9. (Retrieved November 25, 2009)
- About rare and rarest Soviet stamps // Philately of the USSR. - 1974. - No. 1. - S. V — VI.
- Postal rarities of Russia and the USSR: album / Comp. V.V. Gitin . - SPb. : Standard Collection, 2002 .-- 196 p. - 600 copies. - ISBN 5-87170-091-8 . (Retrieved April 20, 2011)
Links
- Rare books . Archives . Philately. Date of treatment November 26, 2009. Archived April 11, 2012.
- Rare books . Stamplover - News of the world philately. Date of treatment November 26, 2009. Archived April 11, 2012.
- 7 of the rarest brands in the world . Science . M .: Russian Seven; The company "Tura Media", LLC "Tura" (October 27, 2016). Date of treatment November 14, 2016. Archived November 14, 2016.