Vyshgorod (city)

Located on the right bank of the Dnieper , on the Kiev reservoir , 8 km from Kiev . The northern suburb of Kiev.

In the annals mentioned repeatedly, starting with the year 946 . Since 1962 - urban-type settlement. City status - since 1968 .

Ancient history

Vyshgorod, located 16 versts from Kiev, up the Dnieper, was first mentioned under the year 946 as the city of Princess Olga , which received a third of the Drevlian tribute. He was her favorite place and city, the arrangement of which she devoted a lot of care ^[2] . According to archaeological data, the first settlement, judging by the findings of stucco and circular dishes, arose no earlier than the turn of the 9th — 10th centuries. The lines of fortifications of the X century corresponding to the Dyshintsy of Vyshgorod and the adjacent burial mound (partially) of the X — XI centuries ^{[3] were} investigated.

Along with Kiev, Vyshgorod was one of the main ancient Russian centers of the Middle Dnieper region . Vyshgorod consisted of Detintsa (with an area of ​​about 7.5 hectares), a roundabout city (about 6 hectares) and unfortified posad. It was located on a high hill, beautifully fortified and served as an outpost of Kiev from the north, controlling waterways along the Dnieper, Irpeni and Desna . Near it, they were usually shipped across the Dnieper, if they came to Kiev from Chernigov or from Kiev to Chernigov, so as not to cross the Desna. As an important point in the system of Kiev poludya it mentions the Byzantine emperor Konstantin Bagryanogenny . From the X century , one of the residence of the great princes was apparently located in the city ^[4] . According to the chronicles, under the year 980 , it was in Vyshgorod that Vladimir I Svyatoslavich allegedly contained 300 of his concubines .

Early in Vyshgorod a layer of his own boyars was formed , supporting Svyatopolk Vladimirovich at the beginning of the 11th century . A special role was played by Vyshgorod in connection with the canonization in the XI century of the first Russian saints Boris and Gleb , buried in the city. A special temple was erected over their tomb, rebuilt and decorated with several generations of Russian princes. In 1072 the Vyshgorod Congress of Princes Yaroslavichi was held here. The city was then "held" by the famous Kiev boyar Mikula Chudin .

From 1078, Vyshgorod received its own prince, Yaropolk Izyaslavich , in whose descendants he remained until Vladimir Monomakh . When he was in Vyshgorod, his son Mstislav reigned from 1117 to 1128 . After him, his son Vsevolod reigned, until which year it was unknown. In 1146 the city ​​was ruled by the nobleman Tudor, and then Vyacheslav Vladimirovich became involved. In 1155, Yury Dolgoruky planted his son Andrei in Vyshgorod, but he left Vyshgorod in Vladimir-on-Klyazma in the same year, where he brought the miraculous icon of Vyshgorod Mother of God from the women's Monastery of the Mother of God (now the famous icon of Vladimir Mother of God ). After him, Prince Mstislav reigned, inflicting a crushing defeat in 1174 on the troops of Andrei Yuryevich . From 1180 to 1190 years in Vyshgorod was Prince David Rostislavich , who died here. Who then rules is unknown; only under the year 1218, the Vyshgorod prince Rostislav Rurikovich was mentioned. During the same independent specific period, Vyshgorod was fortified, surrounded by ramparts , embankments, and many battles took place under its walls (its Polovtsy laid siege to it three times, in 1093 , 1136 and 1146 ).

During the invasion of Batu ( 1240 ), Vyshgorod, together with Kiev, was subjected to terrible devastation and ruin , and since then the mention of the chronicler about it has ceased. Only piles of rubble left over from stone structures, and high earthen ramparts and mounds remind of the former Vyshgorod. In 1523 there was a poor and deserted village, assigned to the Mezhigorsk monastery . Later writers mention Vyshgorod as a “castle over Borisfen” and a fortified town.

XX century

At the beginning of the 20th century, Vyshgorod is a city, near which there are many brick factories.

During the war years, the mountain on which stands the church of St. Basil (approx. St. Boris and Gleb), and the territories adjacent to them were occupied by the Nazis and laid minefields. To reach and lift the siege the Soviet troops were “helped” by gulls, they sat in flocks on mines, randomly, thereby clearing the way. Since those times the names of the area and the monument were laid on those places.

One of the oldest shrines in Vyshgorod was the church of Sts. Basil, built by St. Vladimir, circa 988. In 1015, the bodies of St. Boris and Gleb, and in its place (burned down in 1019 ) in 1020 a new one was built , in the name of the same saints . In 1240, this temple was destroyed and the power of St.. Boris and Gleb is unknown where hidden. Some historians claim that there were monasteries in Vyshgorod: male Spassky and female, but there are no exact data on their existence.

Monument to st. Boris and St. Gleb in the city center (authors of the monument to Boris Krylov and Sidoruk Oles, solemnly opened in 2011 ), as well as a monument to the Soldiers of Afghanistan and a monument to the Tribulation of the Chernobyl NPP accident.

In Vyshgorod, there are Kiev Hydroelectric Power Station , Kiev Hydroelectric Power Station , Ukrgidroenergo OJSC, the Research Center for Raising the Efficiency of Livestock Breeding at the NAASU, the goal of which is to develop and implement a model of profitable, efficient cattle breeding in Ukraine ^[5] .

The production site of the manufacturer of compound feeds and premixes LLC Eurokorm Modern Feeding is located in the city. Another large enterprise is a specialized enterprise in the field of elevator engineering - LLC Karat-Liftkomplekt, and also from large enterprises it should be noted the enterprise for the production of polyethylene film LLC Interpolymer and the aluminum can factory Ken-Pak.

• Vyshgorod principality
• Regional Landscape Park "Bird Paradise"

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  Church of Saints Boris and Gleb

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  On the waterfront

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  Cranberry House

• The official page of the city vyshgorod-rada.gov.ua (ukr.)
• Vyshgorod. Portal about the city
• Monument to the holy passion bearers Boris and Gleb in Vyshgorod
• Vyshegorod or Vyshgorod // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extras). - SPb. , 1890-1907.