The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration ( eng. United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration UNRRA , UNRRA ) was established in 1943 during World War II to assist in areas liberated from the Axis powers . 52 participating countries contributed 2% of their national income in 1943. About $ 4 billion was spent on the supply of food and medicine, the restoration of public services, agriculture and industry. Most of the aid went to China , Czechoslovakia , Greece , Italy , Poland , the Byelorussian SSR , the Ukrainian SSR and Yugoslavia . With the assistance of the UNRRA, about 7 million displaced people returned to the countries where they lived before the war. Camps for displaced persons were established, housing about 1 million refugees who did not wish to return to their homeland. More than half of all funds came from the United States , all three directors of the UNRRA were Americans.
Content
UNRRA and Belorussian SSR
In BSSR, a UNRRA mission consisting of 14 Americans and 1 New Zealand citizen began work in April 1946. The amount of aid was insignificant and amounted to about $ 61 million, which in terms of per capita was $ 5.8 (below this figure was only in the Ukrainian SSR and Albania ). American bulldozers, radio transmitters and receivers, and printing equipment were installed in the BSSR. Also a large amount of food (canned meat, sausages, pasta, cereals, convenience foods, sweets, etc.) and warm clothing.
In August 1946, mission secretary Ruth Waller fell ill with meningitis and, due to the lack of necessary medications, died. The fact of the death of a UN missionary played an important role in sponsoring the construction of the Minsk Allied Penicillin Plant and the transfer of advanced pharmaceutical technologies to the USSR . [one]
In 1945-1952, the curator of the UNRRA on the issues of the BSSR and the Ukrainian SSR was Dmitry Kosmovich , a well-known Belarusian collaborationist and participant in punitive operations against the civilian population. This circumstance also did not contribute to the organization of cooperation between the USSR authorities and the UNRRA leadership. [2]
UNRRA and Yugoslavia
Attitudes toward the UNRRA in Yugoslavia, where the Communists ruled, were wary. For example, in FNRY in 1946, 10 UNRRA employees were arrested on charges of intelligence and subversive work [3] . True, the prosecution of UNRRA employees did not prevent Yugoslavia from simultaneously being one of the main beneficiaries of this organization. During the program period (from April 1945 to June 1947), the UNRRA assisted Yugoslavia in the amount of $ 415.6 million (one-fifth of the organization’s budget), of which 72% ($ 298.1 million) were from the United States [4 ] .
UNRRA and Greece
The assistance from Greece to the UNRRA was very significant - $ 416.3 million for the period from April 1, 1945 to May 1947 (including $ 312.0 million from the United States) [5] . Of this amount, the cost of purchasing food amounted to $ 186.3 million, clothes - $ 40.3 million, investments in Greek agriculture - $ 58.4 million, investments in the development of Greek industry - $ 53.9 million [5] .
Completion of the UNRRA
UNRRA ceased operations in Europe on June 30, 1947. The administration continued to operate mainly in China until March 31, 1949. Then her functions were transferred to other UN agencies , primarily to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees , the World Food Program and the United Nations Children's Fund [6] . To a certain extent, the continuation of the UNRRA was the Marshall Plan .
See also
- International Organization for Refugees
Literature
- UNRRA // Elocation - Yaya. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1957. - P. 403. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 t.] / Ed. B.A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, t. 49).
Links
- d / f "UNRRA. Unknown mission "of the ist. of the “Countdown” cycle (inaccessible link) ( Belarus-TV , 2010)
Notes
- ↑ How foreigners were engaged in secret charity in Belarus - Bolshoi Magazine (Russian) , Bolshoi Magazine (March 3, 2015). The appeal date is February 25, 2018.
- ↑ slounik.org: Kasmovitch Zmіtser Neopr . www.slounik.org. The appeal date is May 2, 2019.
- ↑ Yungblyud VT, Kostin A.A. The strategy of information warfare and the Yugoslav policy of the United States in 1946-1947. // News of the Russian State Pedagogical University. A.I. Herzen - 2011. - № 131. - p. 10
- ↑ Kostin A.A. The economic relations of Yugoslavia and the United States in 1945-1948. // Yaroslavl Pedagogical Gazette. - 2011. - V. 1. - № 3. - P. 100
- ↑ 1 2 Yungblyud V.T., Vorobyova T.A., Zboev A.V., Kalinin A.A., Kostin A.A., Smolnyak I.V., Chuchkalov A.V. Counter courses: the policy of the USSR and the USA in the Balkans, the Near and Middle East in 1939-1947. - Kirov, 2014. - p. 346
- ↑ UN: WORKING WITH REFUGEES AND AFFECTED