Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva ( November 11, 1891 , Kiev , Russian Empire - April 26, 1981 , Moscow , RSFSR , USSR ) - Soviet psychiatrist , founder of child psychiatry in the USSR. Known for the first description in the scientific literature of childhood autism (1925) [1] . Sula Wolf translated it in 1996 for the English-speaking world. [2] [3] Honored Scientist of the RSFSR .
| Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva | |
|---|---|
 Photo of Grunya Sukharev | |
| Date of Birth | November 11, 1891 |
| Place of Birth | Kiev , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | April 26, 1981 (89 years old) |
| A place of death | Moscow , USSR |
| A country |  Russian Empire  the USSR |
| Scientific field | psychiatry |
| Place of work | Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies |
| Academic degree | |
| Academic rank | Professor |
| Famous students | K.S. Lebedinskaya M.Sh. Vrono, V.N. Mamtseva |
| Known as | Founder of Child Psychiatry in the USSR |
| Awards and prizes |   |
Content
Biography
She was born on November 11, 1891 in Kiev , in the family of Chaim Faytelevich Sukharev (? —1941) and Rakhili Iosifovna Sukhareva (? —1951) [4] . In 1915 she graduated from the Kiev Women's Medical Institute, after which she worked as a doctor of the epidemiological squad for 2 years [5] . From 1917 to 1921 she worked as a psychiatrist in the Kiev Psychiatric Hospital. She worked in the neuropsychiatric clinic of the Institute for the Protection of the Health of Children and Adolescents. In 1921 she moved to Moscow , where she organized sanatorium and neuropsychiatric medical institutions for children and adolescents.
From 1933 to 1935 he headed the Department of Psychiatry in Kharkov . In 1935 she defended her doctoral dissertation. In 1935, she created the Department of Child Psychiatry of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies and headed it until 1965 . From 1938 to 1969 - Head of the Clinic for Childhood Psychoses at the Institute of Psychiatry of the RSFSR (she worked in the clinic until 1979). G. E. Sukhareva for many years was the supervisor of the psychiatric hospital named after P.P. Kashchenko . She was a member of the board of the All-Union, All-Russian and Moscow Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists. She was chairman of the children's section of the Moscow Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists.
Died April 26, 1981 in Moscow . She was buried at Vostryakovsky cemetery [6] . By order of the Moscow Department of Health of March 26, 2015 No. 243 from 05/18/2015, the name of G. E. Sukhareva was assigned to the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents (the former clinic of psychoses for children). The center is located at Moscow, 5th Donskoy pr., 21, is a leading specialized medical institution for the treatment of suicidal conditions in children and adolescents under 18 years of age [7] .
Sister - Maria Efimovna Sukhareva (1897-1991), pediatric infectious diseases specialist, doctor of medical sciences (1946), professor (1947). [8] [9]
Contribution to the development of domestic psychiatry
At the beginning of the 20th century, child psychiatry as a science did not exist in the world, and the few scientific works devoted to childhood psychoses were based mainly on casuistic observations. However, the value of these scientific works (de Sanctis, Weigandt, Geller) was that they confirmed the possibility of the emergence and development of psychoses even in young children, and gave impetus to a systematic study of the clinic of psychoses in childhood. These studies from the 1920s were creatively developed and enriched by the young Soviet psychiatrist Grunya Sukhareva [10] .
G. E. Sukhareva developed the evolutionary-biological concept of mental illness . Studied the effect of age-related reactivity factor on clinical manifestations in various mental illnesses in children and adolescents. G. E. Sukhareva for the first time described individual nosological forms of mental illness in childhood and adolescence. 20 years before the classic descriptions of childhood autism, L. Kanner and G. Asperger described similar conditions [11] [12] [13] .
G. E. Sukhareva found out the patterns of the dynamics of schizophrenia , the influence on it of the severity of the onset and the rate of development of the process. She was the first to identify three types of schizophrenia: continuous lethargic, in the form of seizures and mixed. She considers the first type of course more characteristic for the childhood type of schizophrenia , and the course in the form of seizures is more typical for the onset of schizophrenia in adolescence. G.E. Sukhareva established that the type of schizophrenia course reflects to a greater extent the peculiarities of its pathogenesis than the syndromic form of the disease. G. E. Sukhareva established the laws of the relationship between the type of course and the leading psychopathological syndrome, studied the age-related evolution of the manifestations of the disease. The unity of the basic laws of schizophrenia in children and adults is established in the presence of significant age-related features. G. E. Sukhareva studied the clinical picture of psychoses in oligophrenics. She proposed an original clinical and pathogenetic classification of oligophrenia . The work of G. E. Sukhareva on the study of borderline conditions, oligophrenia, psychopathy in children and adolescents is of great importance for defectology. G. E. Sukhareva created a scientific school of child psychiatrists (M. Sh. Vrono, V. N. Mamtseva, K. S. Lebedinskaya [14] ).
Major works
- Dejanov V. Ya., Sukhareva G. E. Mental disorders in rheumatism in children and adolescents. In: Proceedings of the State Research Institute of the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR. M 1962; 188.
- Sukhareva G.E. Analysis of children's fantasies as a method of studying the emotional life of a child. Kiev 1921.
- Sukhareva G. E. Schizoid psychopathies in childhood. In: Issues of Pedology and Pediatric Psychoneurology, Issue 2. M 1925; 157-187.
- GE Ssucharewa. Die schizoiden Psychopathien im Kindesalter. Monatsschrift für Psychiatrie und Neurologie 60: 235-261, 1926.
- Sukhareva G. E. On the problem of the structure and dynamics of children's constitutional psychopathies (schizoid forms). Journal of Neuropathology and Psychiatry 1930; 6.
- Sukhareva G. E. Features of the structure of the defect in various forms of the course of schizophrenia (in children and adolescent material). Neuropathology, psychiatry, mental hygiene 1935; IV: II: 57-62.
- Sukhareva G. E. Clinic of schizophrenia in children and adolescents. Part I. Kharkov: State Medical Publishing House of the Ukrainian SSR 1937; 107.
- Sukhareva G. E. Clinic of epilepsy in children and adolescents. Problems of theoretical and practical medicine. M 1938; 234-261.
- Sukhareva G. E. Psychogenic types of wartime reactions. Neuropathology and Psychiatry 1943; 12: 2: 3-10
- Sukhareva G. E. Clinical lectures on child psychiatry. T. 1. M: Medgiz 1955; 459.
- Sukhareva G. E. Clinical lectures on child psychiatry. T. II, part 2. M: Medicine 1959; 406.
- Sukhareva G. E. Lapides M. I. On the work of the neuropsychiatric room for children and adolescents at the neuropsychiatric dispensary and children's clinic. M 1959.
- Sukhareva G. E., Yusevich L. S. Psychogenic pathological reactions (neurosis). In: Multivolume Guide to Pediatrics, vol. 8. M 1965.
- Sukhareva G. E. Clinical lectures on child psychiatry. T. 3. M: Medicine 1965; 270.
- Sukhareva G. E. The role of the age factor in the clinic of children's psychoses. Journal of Neuropathology and Psychiatry 1970; 70: 10: 1514-1520.
- Sukhareva G. E. Lectures on Child Psychiatry (Selected Chapters). M: Medicine 1974; 320.
Sources
- G. E. Sukhareva (on the occasion of the 80th birthday) // Defectology.- 1972.- No. 1.- P.88.
- Child Psychiatry / Ed. V.V. Kovaleva.- M., 1995.
- Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. S.S. Korsakova, 4, 2012, S. 67-71.
Notes
- ↑ Sukhareva — Prior to Asperger and Kanner
- ↑ The first account of the syndrome Asperger described?
- ↑ Tribute to Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva, the woman who first described infantile autism
- ↑ Tombstone of G. E. Sukhareva and her parents at the Vostryakovsky Jewish cemetery
- ↑ G.E. Sukhareva. On the 120th anniversary of his birth (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment February 14, 2014. Archived February 22, 2014.
- ↑ Grave of G. E. Sukhareva at the Vostryakovsky Jewish cemetery
- ↑ GBUZ "SPC PZDP them. G. E. Sukhareva DZM "
- ↑ Russian Jewish Encyclopedia
- ↑ Tombstone of M.E. Sukhareva at Vvedensky cemetery
- ↑ Ushakov G.K. Child psychiatry
- ↑ A.V. Goryunov G.E. Sukhareva (on the occasion of his 120th birthday) // Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry.- 2012.- No. 4 (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment February 14, 2014. Archived February 22, 2014.
- ↑ Did A Soviet Psychiatrist Discover Autism In 1925?
- ↑ Jewish genius: Grunya Sukhareva, the discoverer of child autism
- ↑ Museum of the Institute of Correctional Pedagogy of the Russian Academy of Education (Inaccessible link) Date of treatment June 9, 2016. Archived June 23, 2016.