Imago
The body is always more or less elongated [2] . The head of the imago is large. Between the antennal tubercles there is a very deep depression, this is especially pronounced in males, in which the depression is very narrow and deep. The cheeks are long and usually slightly protruding at the apex. Mandibles highly developed. The eyes are strongly notched; the lower lobe of the eyes is noticeably wider than the upper lobe [2] .
The antennae are more or less thin, in males it is much longer than the body, in females they are equal to the length of the body or slightly extend beyond the apex of the elytra. First segment of antennae very thickened. The third segment is very long; much longer than the fourth or first. The fourth segment is slightly longer than the fifth. starting from the sixth segment, all subsequent segments are equal in length or almost equal to each other, but the 11th segment in males is very long, with a more or less clearly defined appendage, in females it is usually only slightly longer than the 10th segment [2] .
Pronotum slightly or moderately transverse, with well-defined constrictions, with large lateral tubercles elongated in sharp or very blunt tires, without tubercles on the disc. Scutellum large semicircular or widely rounded [2] .
Elytra long, in most cases strongly elongated, slightly narrowed towards the end or almost parallel, cylindrical, at the apex without teeth, usually rounded, almost always in a rough sculpture and main part, but without large, sharp tubercles or spines [2] .
Legs are long, hips are linear, legs are short, claws are opposed. The male’s front legs are very elongated, longer than the hind legs, with more or less noticeably curved legs and extended legs [2] .
Egg
White egg , elongated. The egg is rounded at the poles. Chorion eggs in a small cellular sculpture [3] .
Larva
Larvae are white. The head is flat, half retracted into the prothorax. Antennae short and conical. On the side of the antennae on the ventral side there are one convex ocelli [3] .
At the anterior margin of the pronotum there is a wide white border; on the trailing edge of this border is a transverse hairy strip [3] .
Larvae have no breast legs. Motor corns are developed on 1-7 segments of the abdomen; motor corns are covered with ampoule-shaped granules, which on the dorsal side form four transverse rows and one longitudinal lateral row. The anus consists of three rays: the lower ray is short, two to three times shorter than the two lateral ( M. urussovi ) or long, only slightly shorter than the lateral ( M. saltuarius , M. guttulatus ) [3] .
Doll
Larvae develop in the trunks of conifers [2] .
Black barbel and nematodes
Some barbel are carriers of some species of tree nematodes from the genus Bursaphelenchus , causing wilt [4] [5] [7] . Beetles M. alternatus , M. carolinensis and some other species are nematode carriers of the species Bursaphelenchus xylophilus [6] [8] ; species M. urussovi and M. sutor are nematode carriers of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus [4] [9] .
The genus includes about 150 species [9] [10] . Some of them:
- Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842
- Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier, 1792)
- Monochamus clamator (LeConte, 1852)
- Bronze pine barbel ( Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier, 1795) )
- Monochamus grandis Waterhouse, 1881
- Monochamus guttulatus Gressitt, 1951
- Black speckled barbel ( Monochamus impluviatus Motschulsky, 1859 )
- Monochamus marmorator Kirby in Richardson, 1837
- Monochamus maruokai Hayashi, 1962
- Monochamus mutator LeConte, 1850
- Far Eastern Black Barbel ( Monochamus nitens Bates, 1884 )
- Monochamus notatus (Drury, 1773)
- Monochamus obtusus Casey, 1891
- Barbel black velvet-spotted ( Monochamus saltuarius (Fabricius, 1792) )
- Big spruce black barbel ( Monochamus sartor (Fabricius, 1787) )
- Monochamus scutellatus (Say, 1824)
- Small black spruce barbel ( Monochamus sutor (Linnaeus, 1758) )
- Monochamus titillator (Fabricius, 1775)
- Black fir barbel ( Monochamus urussovi (Fischer-Waldheim, 1806) )
