The Preobrazhensky Treaty is a treaty of alliance concluded on November 11 (21) 1699 [1] between Saxony , Poland and Russia against Sweden [2] in the village of Preobrazhensky near Moscow .
On the basis of this union treaty, Russia entered the Northern War . The agreement was signed by Tsar Peter I and speaking on behalf of the Elector of Saxony Augustus II the Strong Major General Karlovich [3] ; later in Dresden it was signed by Augustus II.
The conclusion of the contract took place in an atmosphere of secret negotiations in the Preobrazhensky suburban. The goal was to create the so-called “ Northern Union ”, directed against the Swedish king Karl XII , into which Russia, Denmark and Saxony were united.
One of the main ideologues of these ideas, which turned into the Northern War, was the Livonian nobleman Johann Reingold Patkul . A few months earlier, he tried to create an alliance between Augustus the Strong, Denmark and Brandenburg . Elector of Brandenburg and the Duke of Prussia Frederick III showed no interest in him. However, in the face of Russia, Patkul found a partner interested in weakening the Swedish position in the Baltic region .
In May 1699, Patkul went to Copenhagen and enlisted the support of the Danish king Christian V. Augustus II Patkul promised when he entered Livonia support from the Livonian barons, dissatisfied with the reduction , after which he sent the negotiators to Russia. In the autumn of the same year of 1699, he, along with Major General Karlovich, was sent to Moscow to Peter the Great, and on December 11 of the same year concluded (in another source contributed [4] ) in Preobrazhensky on behalf of Augustus, the alliance of Russia and Poland [3] .
Two months after the signing of the treaty, the Saxons invaded the Baltic lands of Sweden and started the Northern War.
Notes
- ↑ “Preobrazhensky Union Treaty of 1699” // Soviet historical encyclopedia . M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1966. T. 11 - p. 531.
- ↑ Patkul // Brockhaus and Efron Small Encyclopedic Dictionary : 4 tons. - SPb. , 1907-1909.
- ↑ 1 2 Patkul, Johann-Reingold // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- ↑ Patkul, Johann Rheingold // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Literature
- Patkul, Johann Reingold // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Patkul // Brockhaus and Efron Small Encyclopedic Dictionary : 4 tons. - SPb. , 1907-1909.
- Patkul, Johann-Rheingold // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- Molchanov N. N. Diplomacy of Peter the Great. - M .: International Relations , 1990
- Anisimov, Evgeniĭ Viktorovich. The reforms of Peter the Great. Progress through coercion in Russia. - ME Sharpe, 1993. - P. 53. - ISBN 1-56324-047-5 .
- Groß, Reiner. Die Wettiner: [] . - Kohlhammer, 2007. - Vol. 621. - P. 181-182. - ISBN 3-17-018946-8 .