Ignatovsky, Vsevolod Makarovich

Born on April 19, 1881 in the village of Tokari, Brest district, Grodno province (now the Kamenets district of the Brest region of Belarus) ^[1] . His father was a village teacher who later became a priest ^[2] . He studied at the Vilna Theological College, the Mogilev Seminary (until 1902), at the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University, where he joined the Socialist Revolutionary Party, participated in performances, was expelled and deported to his homeland, then restored, but was sent back in 1907. settlement in the Arkhangelsk province ^[2] .

In 1911 he graduated from Yuriev (Tartu) University . In 1914 - 1921 he worked as a teacher, the head of the pedagogical council of the Minsk Pedagogical Institute . During the First World War he was apparently loyal to power, as he was even awarded in 1915 the Order of St. Stanislav of the third degree ^[3] . In 1915, in Yaroslavl, he created the cultural and educational organization of the Socialist Revolutionary movement “Our Land”, which in May 1917 was transformed into the organization “Young Belarus” with a focus on the Belarusian Socialist Community (BSG). ^[four]

After the February Revolution, he organized the Council in Yaroslavl (on the platform of the Left Social Revolutionaries ). At the June 1917 conference of the BSG, he was elected to the Central Committee . After the split, the BSG joined the Central Committee of the Belarusian Socialist Revolutionary Party as a representative of the autonomous organization Young Belarus ( 1918 ) ^[4] .

He did not support the Rada of the Belarusian People’s Republic , as he was dissatisfied with the pro-German sentiments of its leaders ^[5] . He did not believe in the help of the West , nor in the Social Revolutionary tactics of the simultaneous struggle against the Poles and the Communists .

In January 1919, at the initiative of Ignatovsky, “Young Belarus” broke off relations with BPS-R . During the Soviet-Polish war in January 1920, he created the Belarusian Communist Organization (BKO) on the basis of Young Belarus, as the head of which he participated in the signing of the "Declaration on the Proclamation of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus " on July 31, 1920 ^[4] .

Since July 16, 1920, a member of the All-Russian Revolutionary Soviet Socialist Republic . In July-August, BKO became part of the RCP (b) . Since December 1920, he served as People's Commissar of Education of the BSSR ^[1] .

There is unconfirmed information that during Ignatovsky’s stay in the Saratov province in the spring of 1921 he was captured by Antonov’s rebels .

Refused to participate in the Soviet delegation at the signing of the Riga Peace Treaty . He played an important role in the policy of Belarusianization , was an active supporter of the expansion of the territory of the BSSR, and facilitated the return of some Belarusian emigrants to their homeland ^[6] .

In 1926, the head, since 1927 the first president of the Institute of Belarusian Culture , since December 1928 the president of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR , director of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR ^[1] .

During the campaign against the so-called national democracy in 1930, he was relieved of his post as president of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, as a “kulak agent” was summoned for questioning by the OGPU , expelled from the party (January 1931 ^[3] ). During interrogations on the so-called. On February 4, 1931, he shot himself in the case of the Union for the Liberation of Belarus .

He was buried in a military cemetery in Minsk ^[1] .

The name of V. M. Ignatovsky is one of the streets of Minsk.

He was engaged in the study of the history of Belarus . Ignatovsky’s scientific works served as the basis for the formation of a national concept of the history of the Belarusian people, taking into account the Marxist-Leninist methodology. This concept is most fully disclosed in the book “A Brief Overview of the History of Belarus” ( 1919 ), which for a long time became a textbook on the history of Belarus. He also dealt with the history of the October Revolution and the first years of Soviet power in Belarus ^[7] .

It is Ignatovsky who owns the idea of ​​dividing the history of Belarus into 5 periods:

1. Polotsk period ( IX - XII centuries ). The Principality of Polotsk as a de facto independent state entity .
2. The period of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( XIII - 1st half of the XVI centuries ). He regarded the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as an ethnically Belarusian state. The people of " Litvin " attributed to the Balts, and the reason for the formation of the state was considered the emergence of a military organization of Litvin.
3. Polish period (2nd half of the 16th - 18th centuries ). He believed that after the Union of Lublin “Lithuania and Belarus were incorporated (included) in the body of Poland ”.
4. The Russian period (late XVIII - early XX centuries ). The territory of Belarus as part of the Russian Empire .
5. Soviet period (since 1917 ).

In total, Ignatovsky wrote more than 40 scientific and scientific-journalistic works, including 8 monographs ^[7] .
The next day after suicide, GPU employees appeared in the home of the academician and seized his archive. He has not yet been found (possibly lost during the German occupation of Minsk). Some of Ignatovsky’s documents (5 manuscripts on 96 pages and 17 certificates exported from Moscow on February 9–11, 1931) transferred to the unknown by the daughter of his comrade-in-arms, A. Stashevsky (People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs and Justice of the BSSR), were transferred to her in 2012 as a gift to the National History Museum . ^[eight]

• A brief outline of the history of Belarus. 5th ed. Minsk: Belarus, 1992.
• Belarus: Territory, population, economy. The most important moments of history. The economic outline of Soviet Belarus and its districts. - Мn .: Publishing house SNK BSSR, 1926 (in co-authorship with A. Smolich ).
• Kalya magіly baratsbіta. - Mn .: Beldzyarzhvyd., 1927. - 30s.
• Gistoryya Belarus ў XIX і a pack of XX steel. Vyd. 3, Minsk, 1928.
• 1863 in Belarus: Narys padzey. Minsk, 1930.

• Case of the Belarus Liberation Union

• Akademik U. M. Іgnatoўskі. Materialy navukovyh chytannyaў, tinted with 110-year-old judju from Narajennya day. Mn .: Navuka i tehnika, 1993. (Belarusian)
• Іgnatsenka I., Karol A. Usevalad Іgnatoўskі і lago hour. Minsk, 1991. (Belarusian)
• Brygadzin P.I., Matsyas I. D. Usevalad Іgnatoўskі. Palit. Dzheyach, Wuchon. - Mn .: Polymya, 1998 .-- 96 p. ISBN 985-07-0278-8 . (belor.)
• Memory: Guest.-Dakum. Chronicle of Minsk. 4 kn. Prince 1st. - Mn .: BELTA, P15 2001. - 576 p.: Il. ISBN 985-6302-33-1 . (belor.)
• Petrykaў P. Ts. Usevalad Makaravich Іgnatoўskі (Yes, 125-year-old for the day of the day) // Vesci NAS of Belarus. Ser. humanity. Navuk. 2006, No. 2. (Belarusian)
• Ignatovskii, Vsevolod Makar'evich. The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History. Vol. 14. Academic International Press, 1979. (English)

• Ignatovsky Vsevolod Makarovich (Neopr.) . Database "History of Belarusian Science in Persons" of the Central Scientific Library named after J. Kolas of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Date of treatment October 24, 2011. Archived April 11, 2012.
• Bibliographic index in the repository of the Central Scientific Library. Yakub Kolas NAS of Belarus