Orehov (town)

The city of Orekhov is located on the left bank of the Konka River, a left tributary of the Dnieper . Upstream at a distance of 2 km the village of Malaya Tokmachka is located, downstream at a distance of 1 km the village of Novopavlovka is located, on the opposite bank is the village of Preobrazhenka . Pass through the city: railway Zaporozhye - Polohy ( Orekhovskaya station) and highways T-0803 , T-0812 , T-0815 and T-0408 .

• In 1770, construction of the Dnieper fortification line began on the territory of the present-day Zaporizhia region, thanks to which the beginning of the settlement of the region began.
• The city of Orekhov was founded in 1783 as a settlement, which was settled by the military and the builders of the Dnieper fortification line . There are several versions of the origin of the name of the city of Orekhov. One of the versions says that most of the immigrants who were located on the banks of the Konka came from the village of Orekhovka of the Poltava province and in memory of their homeland called the new settlement Orekhov. According to another version, the settlement was named after a beam, in which a lot of peanuts grew.
• The status of the city of Orekhov was received in 1801 , the first on the territory of the modern Zaporozhye region. At the same time, Orekhov was appointed the center of the Mariupol district of the Novorossiysk province of the Russian Empire . In 1802, the Novorossiysk province was liquidated, and the Orekhov became the center of the Melitopol district of the Tauride province . Although the county was called Melitopol, the city of Melitopol did not exist yet. However, after the fire in Orekhov, which almost completely destroyed the city, it was decided to move the center of the county to another settlement. At the suggestion of Count Vorontsov, the village of Novoaleksandrovka on the Molochnaya River was renamed Melitopol and the center of the county was moved there ^[2] .
• Since December 1922, the city ​​as part of the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union .
• The Orekhovsky District was created in March 1923 , according to the decision of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee of March 20, 1923 “On the Administrative-Territorial Division of the Yekaterinoslav Region”. Orekhov became its center, which by that time was again classified as urban-type settlement. The district includes the following volosts: Orekhovskaya, Malotokmachanskaya, Belogoryevskaya and Preobrazhenskaya. Over time, the district covered 14 village councils, 69 settlements. In the 1930s, the population of the region was 37,050 people, and the land - 69,509 acres. The Ukrainian population was 93%, Russian - 3%, Jews - 2%, other nationalities - 2%. At this stage, the Orekhovsky district is one of the largest in the Zaporizhia region.
• In the 1924-25 school year, in addition to the existing six primary schools, a seven-year school was in operation. Literacy schools and reading rooms were organized for the illiterate. A major role in teacher training was played by the pedagogical vocational school established in 1925. In October 1920, an agricultural technical school was opened, which was called an agrotechnical school. In 1930, it was reorganized into the Orekhovsky agrotechnical technical school. In 1936, illiteracy among the adult population was completely eliminated, a general seven-year education was carried out and the transition to a secondary education began.
• In 1937, a cinema with 400 seats opened.

• In April 1958, the Orekhovskaya, Zherebetskaya and Malotokmachanskaya MTS were reorganized into the Orekhovsky repair and technical station, renamed in 1961 Orekhovsky regional department "Agricultural Equipment".
• One of the main industrial enterprises was a car repair factory, founded in 1937 on the basis of an inter-district workshop for the repair of agricultural equipment, the plant was mainly engaged in repairing cars and engines for them. Since 1951, the product range has changed. The plant began to specialize in the production of equipment for livestock farms (suspended tracks, forage tanks, etc.). A fundamental reconstruction of the mechanical plant took place in the late 1950s - early 1960s. Were launched new workshops, equipped with the most modern equipment at the time, increased production. Since 1961, the mechanical plant has been renamed to the Orselmash plant. The products of the plant were in demand both in our country and abroad.
• For rapid training, CITs (central labor institutes) were created. Such an institute was created in Orekhov, it was located in the room on the street. Karl Marx (today there is a cannery in this room).
• In July 1941, the 226-95 Guards Rifle Division formed in the city of Orekhov. A mobile field hospital headed by the head physician of the Central District Hospital V. M. Lukashevich began to work in the current SSh No. 2 building.
• On October 4, 1941, the Orekhovsky District was occupied by fascist German troops. The enemy immediately began a massacre of the peaceful population of the city of Orekhov. ^[3] , During the occupation, an underground group and a partisan detachment were working, the Shield youth group operated in the city.
• The city was freed from Nazi German troops by Soviet troops during the Donbass operation of the Southern Front : the 5th Shock Army , consisting of: the 31st Guards. CK (Major General Utvenko, Alexander Ivanovich ) composed of: the 4th Guards. sd (Col. Stetsun, Iosif Kuzmich ), 34th Guards. Sd (Major General Brailyan, Philip Vasilyevich ). ^[3] , ^[4] On September 19, 1943, an advanced mechanized detachment led by Sukhanov entered the city, and the struggle for his release began. The battle lasted until late evening, the Nazis had to retreat, the city was liberated. In the next four days, the area was completely cleared of invaders.
• In 1961 a children's music school was opened in the city.
• In 1972, in honor of the 29th anniversary of the liberation of the city and region from the German fascist invaders, the museum of local lore was opened, which since 1993 has received the status of a state museum.

According to the 2001 census, the population was 17,986 people ^[5] .

The Orselmash plant stopped by the end of the 1990s. The plant had unique equipment: gear-cutting machines, a line of six 1000-ton embossing presses. Now the plant is no longer there, even the crane tracks were cut out for scrap. There is no institute that was the only one in the Soviet Union for the production of fertilizer spreaders ^[6] .

• V.A. was born in the city . Lazaryan - Soviet mechanic scientist.
• In 1929–35, priest John (Blumovich) served in the city.
• Prikhodko, Ivan Prokofyevich - a native of the city, Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Glushchenko, Andrei Aleksandrovich - Ukrainian football player
• Dudka Valeriy Aleksandrovich - Soviet and Ukrainian football player

• Nuts on the website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
• Photos of the city of Orekhova with reference to the locality and a view of the city from space on the website Panoraomio