The barbel tanner [1] , or the lumberjack tanner [2] ( lat. Prionus coriarius ) is a species of beetles from the family of barbel ( Cerambycidae ). One of the largest representatives of the family in Europe.
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| Prionus coriarius Linnaeus , 1758 |
Content
Appearance
The body length of males is 19–38 mm, females 27–48 mm [3] . The body is stocky, especially in males. Individuals living in the southern part of the range are usually larger than individuals from the northern regions.
The body color of the male is pitch black, shiny. The female is reddish-brown or brown.
Pronotum transverse with three sharp spines on lateral margin, of which the middle is the largest; roughly and densely punctured [4] , opaque - how does it differ from the closely related species Prionus insularis [3] .
Elytra with a wrinkled-point structure, bear 2-3 longitudinal ribs.
The antennae are saw-shaped, in males they consist of 12 segments, in females - usually 11 [5] , sometimes 12 [4] . In males, they are longer (slightly extend beyond the middle of the elytra) [4] , the first six segments are enlarged. Short (do not reach the middle of the elytra [4] ) antennae of females consist of smaller segments.
Range
Forest and forest-steppe zones of Europe, the Caucasus , Turkey, northern Iran, North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia). Common in the southern Urals and the Caucasus . Not available in Ireland, Central Asia and eastern Kazakhstan [3] .
Habitats
Insects are associated with forests. They are found both in coniferous and broad-leaved forests [4] .
Biology
Flight of beetles from mid-July to September [3] . Males are more active, often make flights in search of females. Adult beetles do not feed ( aphagia ). They are active mainly at dusk and often fly to artificial lighting sources (mainly males). In the daytime, the activity of adults is much less, bugs are found on the ground, in the root zone of trees, as well as in dry forest litter.
Larvae can develop both on deciduous and coniferous species. The literature mentions the development of larvae on pine, spruce, fir, oak, beech, hornbeam, chestnut, birch, maple, elm, ash, alder, willow, hazel, apple [3] .
Of the parasites of the larvae, the riders Deuteroxorides albitarsus and the tahina Billaea pectinata .
Life Cycle
Females lay eggs in the soil on dead roots and the basal part of trunks and stumps [3] [4] .
Larvae populate dead, partially rotten wood of underground parts of tree trunks and roots. They lay there wide - up to 4 cm wide - winding passages that are entirely, except for the pupation chamber, filled with brown wood flour [4] . Larvae often emerge from the tree into the ground and migrate to other trees. .
Pupation occurs in the soil near the roots [3] [4] . Pupa stage lasts 20-22 days . After exiting the chrysalis, the beetle is in the pupation chamber for several days, where it acquires the final color, after which it comes to the surface.
The life cycle is 3-4 years [3] .
Egg
Eggs are white in color with a greenish tint, densely and roughly punctured, their size is 4 x 1.5 mm, weight 2 mg [4] .
Larva
The larva is white in color, the body length of larvae of the last age is 50–90 mm [4] , and the width is 13 mm. The front edge of the forehead with 2 transverse carinae, the lower of which with wide lateral teeth. Three-membered antennae. The upper lip is transversely oval. Pronotum strongly chitinized with bright orange bandage. Pleural discs are present on 1-6 segments of the abdomen.
Notes
- ↑ Striganova B.R. , Zakharov A.A. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names: Insects (Latin-Russian-English-German-French) /Ed. Dr. biol. sciences, prof. B.R. Striganova . - M .: RUSSO, 2000 .-- S. 153. - 1060 copies. - ISBN 5-88721-162-8 .
- ↑ Gorbunov P. Yu., Olshvang V.N. Beetles of the Middle Urals: A Guide-Guide. - Yekaterinburg: Sokrat, 2008. - S. 235. - 384 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Danilevsky M.L. Barbel beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycoidea) of Russia and neighboring countries. - M. , 2014 .-- S. 43.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cherepanov A.I. Barbel of North Asia (Prioninae, Disteniinae, Lepturinae, Aseminae). - Novosibirsk, 1979.- S. 55-57.
- ↑ Key to insects of the European part of the USSR / under total. ed. G. Ya. Bey-Bienko . - M. — L .: Nauka, 1965 .-- T. II. - S. 397.