Hawthorn odnopestichny

In nature , the species range covers Europe , northwestern Africa , the Near and Middle East . Naturalized in North America , southern Africa , Australia and New Zealand ^[2] .

It grows singly and in small groups in thickets of shrubs, along the edges of deciduous , rarely coniferous forests , on the slopes of river valleys and ravines , on terraces , rocky slopes of ridges and mountains, in depressions among sands, in the lower reaches of rivers ^{[3] [4]} .

It is confined to a wide variety of substrates , but it develops best on heavy, lime- containing clay soils. Less demanding on conditions of temperature and humidity than Hawthorn ( Crataegus laevigata ), and therefore can successfully grow in areas with a more continental climate . It easily runs wild and is often found near dwellings, in secondary plant groups ^[4] .

Botanical illustration of Jacob Sturm from the book Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen , 1796

Shrub or tree with a height of 3–6, less often up to 8–12 m, with a round-hipped or wide-pyramidal, rather symmetrical crown. Branches are brownish-gray; branches are reddish brown or cherry; shoots naked or at first densely hairy. Spines are few, about 1 cm long, often absent; Leafy spines are almost not developed.

Separate specimens of this species are known at the age of two hundred to three hundred years, with a height of 17–18 m, with a crown diameter of up to 18–20 m and a trunk girth of up to 2.5–3 m ^[4] .

The kidneys are wide ovate-conical, 3-5 mm long. Leaves are glossy on top, dark, olive green, light green below. On prolific shoots, the lower leaves are obovate to oblong-ovate, at the apex truncated or large-serrated; the upper ones are up to 4–4.5 cm long and wide, three- or five-separated, often with very asymmetrically arranged lobes, the latter are blunt, with a short, implanted cartilaginous tip, whole-edge or near the apex with few teeth, oval in outline. The leaves of sterile shoots are larger, 5 — 3-deeply divided, or even almost dissected, with spaced apart, along the edge uneven, often notched, dentate. Petioles 1-2 cm long, grooved; the stipules are sickle-curved, half-heart-shaped, glandular-serrate.

Inflorescences are upright, up to 5 cm in diameter, rather compact, 10-18-flowered, with bare or diffused hairy axes, pedicels and hypanthas . Flowers with a diameter of 1.5 cm, with white petals ; sepals oblong-triangular or broadly ovoid with a blunt tip, bent when the fruits; twenty stamens , with red anthers ; column one.

Fruit - red or brownish-red, less often yellow apple , broadly ovoid or broadly ellipsoidal in shape, 7-10 mm long. The bone is one, up to 7 mm long, 5 mm wide, somewhat compressed and chiselled from the sides, with two to three shallow grooves on the dorsal side.

Flowering in May - June. Fruiting in September.

It is used as a fruit, honey plant , medicinal and ornamental plant .

It has long been used in gardens and parks, in alley plantings (high-stem forms), and especially for hedges . Great for a haircut; has a large shoot-forming ability.

Taxonomy

Species Hawthorn odnopestichny enters the genus Hawthorn ( Crataegus ) of the tribe Pyreae of the subfamily Spiraea ( Spiraeoideae ) of the family Pink ( Rosaceae ) of the order Rosaceae .

Representatives

Within the framework of the species, several forms are distinguished, which are divided according to the following characteristics: ^[4]

in appearance

• Crataegus monogyna f. stricta ( Loud. ) Nichols - with a pyramidal crown and upward branches;
• Crataegus monogyna f. pendula ( Loud. ) Dipp. - with weeping branches, sometimes also with yellow bark;
• Crataegus monogyna f. flexuosa ( Loud. ) Dipp. - with twisted branches;
• Crataegus monogyna f. ferox ( Carr. ) C.K. Schneid. - with spikes crowded into bunches;
• Crataegus monogyna f. hiflora ( West. ) Rehd. - in areas with a mild climate, blooms in the middle of winter and then again in the spring; less hardy than other forms;

in the form of leaves and color of flowers

• Crataegus monogyna f. flore alho-pleno hort. - white, double flowers;
• Crataegus monogyna f. flore roseo hort. - pink flowers;
• Crataegus monogyna f. flore roseo-pleno hort. - pink, double flowers;
• Crataegus monogyna f. flore ruhro hort. - flowers are red;
• Crataegus monogyna f. flore ruhro-pleno hort. - flowers are red, double;
• Crataegus monogyna f. gumperi hort. - white flowers with a red border;
• Crataegus monogyna f. pteridifolia ( Loud. ) Rehd. - fan-shaped leaves, deeply dissected into wavy twisted lobes;
• Crataegus monogyna f. variegata hort. - leaves are white or yellow-motley or fringed, less often tricolor with a pink tint.

• Poyarkova A. I. Genus 733. Hawthorn - Crataegus L. // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / chap. ed. V.L. Komarov . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1939. - T. 9 / ed. volumes S.V. Yuzepchuk . - S. 454-456. - 540, XIX p. - 5200 copies.
• Poletiko O. M. Rod. 26. Hawthorn - Crataegus L. // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1954. - T. III. Angiosperms. Trochodendron families - Rosaceae. - S. 554–555. - 872 s. - 3000 copies.
• Gubanov I.A. et al. 618. Crataegus monogyna Jacq. sl - Hawthorn odnopestichny, or odnostolbikovy // Illustrated identifier of plants of Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. ISS., 2003. - T. 2. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dicotyledonous). - S. 233. - ISBN 9-87317-128-9 .

• Crataegus monogyna in topwalks
• Hawthorn