The fleet’s campaign against Revel in July 1713 was important for the outcome of the entire military campaign of 1713 . It ended in failure: the loss of 1 battleship by the Baltic Fleet, the loss of the Swedish squadron from besieged Helsingfors and the trial of the Baltic Fleet Commander Vice Admiral Cornelius Ivanovich Krujs and several officers who took part in the campaign.
Content
Background
On July 2 (13), 1713 , a squadron of the Swedish vice admiral Lilie (9 ships and 2 frigates) arrived at the raid of Helsingfors, besieged by Russian troops. On July 5 (16) another 3 Swedish ships were blocked from the Revel Sea, where at that time there were five Russian warships recently bought abroad.
After receiving news of the appearance of the Lille squadron near Helsingfors, Peter I arrived in Kronshlot on July 4 (15) and raised his flag as a shautenbacht on the Poltava ship. On July 7 (18), the king, wanting to strengthen the fleet with revelation ships, proposed sending the Kruys squadron first to Revel. After lifting the blockade from Revel, Peter I hoped to attack the squadron of Vice Admiral Lillieu [1] [2] .
Campaign
On July 9 (20), the squadron of Vice Admiral Kruys, consisting of 13 pennants, left Kronshlot, heading for Revel [3] .
In the evening of July 10 (21), a detachment of 3 Swedish battleships (HMS Verden , Ösel and Estland ) was spotted off the island of Hogland from frigate squadrons marching at the forefront [4] . The pursuit of ships was started [5] , which lasted until 8 am the next day, when 3 Russian ships, sailing ahead of the rest (Vyborg, Riga, and frigate Esperance) ran aground.
The Swedish detachment, breaking away from its pursuers, arrived in Helsingfors and connected with the squadron Lilje [6] [7] .
On July 12 (23), the squadron’s ships maneuvered towards Revel, at noon the next day, due to the opposite wind, the fleet anchored off Bolshoi Wrangel Island ( Est. Prangli ). On the morning of July 16 (27), the squadron arrived in Revel [7] [8] .
| Ship name | Number of guns | Commander | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Battleships | ||||||
| "Riga" | 50 | Captain Fangent Vice Admiral Cornelius Crewes | ||||
| Vyborg | 50 | Captain-Commander W. Shelting | ||||
| Pernov | 50 | Captain Bezemaker | ||||
| Poltava | 54 | Captain gossler | ||||
| "St. Anthony" | 50 | Captain Commander Flight | ||||
| "Randolph" | 50 | Captain N. Sinyavin | ||||
| Frigates and sluts | ||||||
| Esperance | 44 | Captain ecgof | ||||
| "Samson" | 36 | Captain edward | ||||
| "St. Peter" | thirty | Captain Degruiter | ||||
| "St. Paul" | thirty | Captain Wessel | ||||
| "Saint Jacob" | sixteen | Captain ram | ||||
| "Diana" | sixteen | Captain rigo | ||||
| Natalya | sixteen | Captain schooner | ||||
Trial of Vice Admiral Kruys
Notes
- ↑ The Journal, or the Day Note, a blessed and eternal worthy memory of the Emperor Peter the Great . - at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1770. - T. 1. - S. 370. (unavailable link)
- ↑ Letter from the Sovereign on a campaign to Revel, 1713, July 7 / Elagin S. - Materials for the history of the Russian fleet . - SPb. : Printing house of the Ministry of the Sea, 1865. - T. I. - S. 404.
- ↑ Extract from the letter of Kruys to Count Apraksin from the ship Riga from Sommers Island, 1713, July 10 / Elagin S. - Materials for the history of the Russian fleet . - SPb. : Printing house of the Ministry of the Sea, 1865. - T. I. - S. 409.
- ↑ Kruys letter to Count Apraksin from the ship Riga from Garivaldai, 1713, July 31 / Elagin S. - Materials for the history of the Russian fleet . - SPb. : Printing house of the Ministry of the Sea, 1865. - T. I. - S. 421.
- ↑ Anderson RC Naval Wars in the Baltic. - London, 1969 .-- P. 155.
- ↑ Sokolov A. The trial of Vice Admiral Kruys, 1713 (episode from the history of the Russian fleet) // Marine collection : magazine. - 1849. - No. 1 . - S. 65–67 .
- ↑ 1 2 Myshlaevsky A.Z. Peter the Great. The war in Finland in the years 1712-1714. Joint operation of the land army, galley and ship fleets . - SPb. : Military Printing House, 1896. - S. 212.
- ↑ Kruys letter to Count Apraksin from the ship Riga from Garivaldai, 1713, July 31 / Elagin S. - Materials for the history of the Russian fleet . - SPb. : Printing house of the Ministry of the Sea, 1865. - T. I. - S. 422.