Clematis

In nature , the species range covers North Africa ( Algeria ), almost the entire territory of Europe , the Caucasus , the Near and Middle East . Naturalized in Australia and North America ^[3] . It is cultivated in the European part of Russia as an ornamental plant.

It grows in thickets of shrubs, forests, among shrubs, on the edges and on the rocky slopes of the mountains, rising into the mountains up to 1200 m above sea level.

This is a liana-shaped shrub with a strongly ribbed, and later covered with cracks bark and branches clinging to the support with the help of curling long petioles of leaves.

Leaves on long stalks , opposite, complex, unpaired, consisting of five whole or less often three-lobed leaflets. Leaflets ovate, 3-10 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, spiky or pointed, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, scattered or almost naked. Usually coarse at the edges ^[4] .

The flowers are white, slightly fragrant, about 2 cm in diameter, numerous, collected in paniculate inflorescences. Sepals are oblong, dull, densely white-pubescent on the outside, small, up to 10 mm long. Flowering in June - July. Flower formula :${\displaystyle <span\; class="nowrap"><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">\ast </span></span></span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="nowrap"><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">K</span></span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="nowrap"><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">four</span></span></span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="nowrap"><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">A</span></span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="nowrap"><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">\infty </span></span></span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="nowrap"><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">G</span></span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="nowrap"><span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">\infty </span></span></span>}}}$ {\ displaystyle \ ast K_ {4} \; A _ {\ infty} \; G _ {\ infty}} ^[5] .

Fruits - achenes , 7 mm long, 4 mm wide, with a thickened margin and a feathery downy nose up to 4 cm long, collected in maned heads.

• Alfatocopherol (α-tocopherol, vitamin E) refers to substances of a complex nature. It contains benzoic and heterocyclic rings, to which a five carbon residue of isobutyric acid is attached. With a deficiency of this vitamin in the body, peroxidation processes and membrane functions are disrupted, liver degradation processes are intensified, and infertility develops. Alfatocopherol is used as one of the active ingredients in the treatment of the following diseases: muscular dystrophy, dermatomyositis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, malfunctioning of the gonads in men, menstrual irregularities in women and the threat of termination of pregnancy, skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, lupus erythematosus), myocardial dystrophy with spasms of peripheral vessels, with infertility. This vitamin is a necessary component for normal reproduction, sustainable development of the body and hemoglobin resistance to hemolysis;
• caffeic (dehydroquinamic) and chlorogenic acids - have a bacteriostatic and choleretic effect on the body;
• triterpene saponins: 5% (of dry weight) represented by vitalbosides A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J; free hederaginine, and oleanolic acid;
• alkaloid clematine: trans-aconitic acid (more than 1%); myricyl alcohol; lemon balm acid; phenol carboxylic acids and essential oils; steroid glycosides, in particular β-sitosterol glycoside ^[6] ;
• anemonol;
• glycoside clementitin;
• stigmasterol;
• sitosterol;
• leontin;
• wax substances.

Medicinal plant. For medicinal purposes, grass and flowers are used. In folk medicine, clematis preparations treat headaches, stomach ulcers, sexually transmitted diseases, bone tumors, scabies, they are used as a diuretic, diaphoretic, laxative. Homeopaths use clematis in the treatment of conjunctivitis, cystitis, malaria.

The plant is poisonous. Ingestion requires caution.

Species of Lomonos vineyard belongs to the genus Lomonos ( Clematis ) of the tribe Anemoneae of the subfamily Ranunculoideae of the family Ranunculaceae of the order Ranunculaceae .

Representatives

Within the species there are a number of varieties : ^[7]

• Clematis ligusticifolia var. brevifolia nutt.
• Clematis ligusticifolia var. californica S. Wats.
• Clematis ligusticifolia var. ligusticifolia

• Genus 530. Clematis - Clematis L. // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / hl. ed. V.L. Komarov . - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1935. - T. 3 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin . - S. 320 .-- 636, XXV p. - 5175 copies.
• Genus 3. Lomonos - Clematis L. // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1954. - T. III. Angiosperms. Trochodendron families - Rosaceae. - S. 39-40. - 872 s. - 3000 copies.
• All about medicinal plants in your beds / Ed. Radelova S. Yu. - SPb: LLC SZKEO, 2010. - P. 206. - 224 p. - ISBN 978-5-9603-0124-4 .

• Clematis vitalba in Topwalks
• Bioimages.org: Traveler's Joy