Simplification [1] [2] ( simplification [3] ), or de - etymologization is a lexical-morphological phenomenon: darkening of the initial semantic structure of a word, loss of etymological motivation [2] due to the erasure of morphemic boundaries between its components [1] . From the point of view of the morphemic structure of a word, it represents the transformation of a previously separable base into an indivisible root [3] , for example, in Russian. air , smell , dumb. zurück 'back' , Vorrat 'stock' [1] , English lady < other hlāf-dige [2] . May be accompanied by preliminary re - decomposition .
The term “simplification” was introduced by V. A. Bogoroditsky [1] .
Content
Reasons
Simplification is associated with the fusion combination of morphemes, which may be caused by historical phonetic changes in the process of language development. It is characteristic of inflectional languages , but it is also possible in languages of a different structure, where it affects complex words , transforming them into single-root ones. Simplification can also be caused by the loss of the language of words related to the given one (for example, the ring that was currently not indivisible in Russian has historically been a diminutive of the obsolete colo ) [4] . Often found in pidginization and creolization [1] .
Despite the influence of phonetic changes, the main reason for the phenomena of simplification are semantic changes in the lexeme , and in some cases their actions are enough (in particular, to forget in the presently indecent Russian ) [4] .
Significance of the phenomenon
As a result of simplification, the coherence of cognates is lost; so, rus. the end and the beginning go back to the same Indo-European root * -ken- / * -kon- [1] , however, at present they are perceived as non-derivative and morphologically unrelated to each other. Thanks to this phenomenon, the language is replenished with new root morphemes [4] .
See also
- Etymon
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vinogradov V. A. Simplification // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Akhmanova O.S. Simplification // Dictionary of linguistic terms. - Ed. 4th, stereotypical. - M .: KomKniga, 2007 .-- 576 p. - 2500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-484-00932-9 .
- ↑ 1 2 Russian Humanitarian Encyclopedic Dictionary , article “Simplification” (inaccessible link from 06/14/2016 [1158 days])
- ↑ 1 2 3 Zemskaya E.A. Modern Russian language. Word formation: a training manual. - 6th ed. - M .: Flint, Science, 2009. - S. 15-16. - 328 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-89349-634-5 .