Engineering survey

In construction, according to normative and technical documentation, several types of surveys are distinguished.

Major works

• geodetic surveys ;
• geological engineering surveys ;
• geocryological engineering surveys;
• hydrometeorological engineering surveys;
• environmental engineering surveys (mobilization, field, laboratory and office work);

Other work

• hydrographic engineering surveys;
• engineering and geotechnical surveys (geotechnical control);
• Survey of ground construction materials (fieldwork; survey of earthworks during their reconstruction);
• Survey of ground construction materials and groundwater sources;
• substantiation of measures for the engineering protection of territories;
• local monitoring of environmental components;
• geophysical engineering studies ;
• hydrological engineering surveys ;
• hydrometeorological engineering surveys;
• meteorological engineering surveys;
• soil-geobotanical surveys;
• archaeological research ;
• land management and cadastral works;
• inspection of building structures.

Engineering and geodetic surveys for construction are works carried out to obtain topographic and geodetic materials and data on the situation and terrain (including the bottom of drains, reservoirs and water areas), existing buildings and structures (above-ground, underground and above-ground) and other elements planning (in digital, graphic, photographic and other forms) necessary for a comprehensive assessment of the natural and technological conditions of the territory (water area) of construction and substantiation of design, construction, operation and ikvidatsii objects. Geodetic engineering surveys are a type of engineering surveys.

Environmental engineering surveys for construction make it possible to comprehensively investigate the ecological situation of a development site and identify the conditions for living and conducting various types of activities, as well as the environmental impact of these activities.

For designers and developers, the final results of engineering and environmental surveys for construction are the most important tool for the development of environmental and hygienic measures and the formation of an environmental justification for construction. When drawing up a technical report on environmental engineering surveys, the following shall be applied:

• Protocols and expert opinions of an accredited laboratory by type of research;
• Information on background concentrations of pollutants in the air;
• Information about climatic characteristics.

Engineering and geotechnical surveys for construction - work aimed at studying the properties of soils and massifs used as the foundations of structures, the environment for the construction of underground structures, as well as to assess the stability of natural and man-made soil massifs, slopes and slopes.

As an independent type of engineering surveys in Russia introduced relatively recently. In 2006, the Government of the Russian Federation issued Decree No. 20 of January 19, 2006, “On Engineering Surveys for the Preparation of Design Documents, Construction, and Reconstruction of Capital Construction Facilities,” where, as part of engineering surveys, a new type was introduced - geotechnical surveys.

The order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia defines the following types of work ^[1] :

• mining of tunnels with their testing and laboratory studies of the mechanical properties of soils with the determination of characteristics for specific schemes for calculating the foundations of foundations;
• field tests of soils with the determination of their standard strength and deformation characteristics (stamped, shear, pressiometric, shear). Tests of reference and field piles;
• determination of standard mechanical characteristics of soils by methods of static, dynamic and drilling sounding;
• Physical and mathematical modeling of the interaction of buildings and structures with the geological environment;
• special studies of soil characteristics according to separate programs for non-standard, including non-linear methods for calculating the foundations of foundations and structures of buildings and structures;
• geotechnical control of the construction of buildings, structures and adjacent territories.

• SNiP 1.02.07-87 "Engineering surveys for construction" (replaced).
• SP 11-104-97 "Engineering and geodetic surveys for construction."
• SP 11-105-97 “Engineering and geological surveys for construction. Part I. General rules for the production of work. "
• SP 47.13330.2012 Engineering surveys for construction. (The document has expired since July 1, 2017, with the exception of the items included in the List of National Standards and Codes of Rules (parts of such standards and codes of practice), the application of which on a mandatory basis ensures compliance with the requirements of the Federal Law "Technical Regulation on the Safety of Buildings and constructions ", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 26, 2014 N 1521, before making appropriate changes to this List, in connection with the publication of the Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia of December 30, 2016 N 1033 / pr, which approved the new St. Od rules SP 47.13330.2016.)