Alibey al-Kabir (Mgebrishvili) ( Arabic علي بك الكبير , also Kabir IV the Great ; 1728 - May 8, 1773 ) - Mameluke of Georgian origin, the actual Mameluke ruler of Egypt ( 1768 - 1773 ). In 1768, Egypt was liberated from the influence of the Ottoman Empire . Ali Bey, nicknamed the "Great", was a brilliant diplomat , ruler and warrior.
| Ali Bey Al Kabir | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Birth | |||||||
| Death | |||||||
Biography
According to historical sources, Ali Bey was a mingrel sold to Egypt . He was born in 1728 in Abkhazia (s. Ldzaa), in the family of a priest of the Orthodox Church and was named Joseph. He was 13 years old when he was kidnapped and sold prisoner. The boy was bought by a Mamluk of Georgian origin, Ibrahim Kathuda, converted him to the Muslim faith, gave him a new name and raised him himself. Bei was elevated.
In 1757 he became the ruler (Sheikh Albalad) of Egypt. He mercilessly fought against the separatism of the Bedouin tribes, Mamluks and Janissaries , united Lower and Upper Egypt under his authority, and established control over the Hijaz .
In September 1768, he destroyed the Janissaries corps in Egypt and set about creating a regular army. In November 1768, he broke off vassal relations with the Ottoman Empire, expelled the Turkish Pasha — the governor of the Sultan, Rakim Mehmed Pasha, and stopped paying tribute.
In July 1770, proclaimed the independence of Egypt, took the title of Sultan . Considering the main task to restore the independence of the Egyptian state from Turkey, during the Russo-Turkish war in 1771 entered into a military alliance with the commander of the Russian fleet squadron A. G. Orlov and, with the support of the Russian fleet, started a war with Turkey. In 1771, Damascus took and occupied Syria.
In 1772, the Egyptian army, commanded by commander Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dahab , a close friend of Ali Bey, refused to fight with the "brothers in faith," rebelled and went on a campaign against Egypt . Ali Bey was overthrown and fled to his ally Dagir in Palestine. Ali-Bey asked for help from the Russian fleet and, together with his friend Dagir, recaptured the Syrian lands captured by Muhammad Bey.
In 1773, Ali-Bey returned to Egypt and tried to regain supreme power, but in May near Salihiya (in the eastern part of the Nile Delta ) he was defeated by rebel Mamluk forces, wounded and taken prisoner.
Died of his wounds in a Cairo prison.
Image in Art
In the literature
- The officer diary of S. I. Plescheev , a contemporary of the Egyptian ruler, contains the Life and rule of Ali-Bey.
In the movie
- Mamluk (1958)
Notes
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
- ↑ Akyeampong E. K. , Gates H. L. Dictionary on African Biography, افریقی سوانحی لغت - New York City : OUP , 2012. - ISBN 978-0-19-538207-5
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 121635538 // General Normative Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
Literature
- Sauveur Lusignan A history of the Revolution of Ali Bey against the Ottoman Porte . - London, 1783
- Ali-Bey // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- V. Salia, Ali Bey Joseph Ihdzin, KART, 2012, ISBN 978-9941-0-4891-3